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d by Google

THE

CHARLESTON CITY

CONTAININQ A FULL AND ACCURATE DESCRIP-
TION OF ALL PLACES OF INTB1SST IN AND
AROUND THE CITY, AND OTHER
USEFUL MATTER.

IPrice, 25 Cents.

PUBLISHED BY

J. W. DeLANO,
OflRoe of ^ Jhb SyNDAT Tjimb»,"^

'igiized by Google

THE NEW vOr>

PUBLIC UBRARY

173971

A8T0^, L^:^'OX AND
TILOEN F0U:«DATI0N8.

1902

EDtered accordiDg to Act of Congress, bj JosiPti W.
DbLano, in the office of the LibrariaD of Congress al
Washington, in the jear 1872.

Co^l^4^ ItjL .ttawfts/OUj^in frentisff,
r. :*^ rOharfeston, W,4872.

^^^ t <-''«^ *''-*' *"" " ^ Digitized by V^OOQIC

P«efaee»

The Charleston tiaide

Supplier a want long felt. The question is daily asked
bj tourists and strangers in the citj," Can weget a Guide
Book of the City?" Up to this tima the answer has
been "No." Nous aoons change tout cela. In this
work will be found a great fund of information con-
corning the oi^, from the earliest times, and its points
uf interest, with a brief sketch of each. The travelling
public will appreciate our insertion of advertisements
as a guide where to buy and of whom. These firms
stand highest in the community, and no business card
is admitted unless the house is known to the publisher
as distinguished for probity and fair dealing. And as
we are pleased with our production, we feel that the
public likewise will be satisfied.

J. W. BbLano,
Publisher and Proprietor.

d by Google

Aalbes^s fi^ielaee.

The Author of this work desires to express his
gratitude for the universal courtesy he has received
from the people of Ch-irleston, aud the valuable aid
afforded him, in the matter of favors and information, by
which the labor of compilation has been wonderfully
lightened. He is especially indebted to Messrs. Geo.
W. Williams, Augustus Hayden and William Or. Whil-
den for books and library facilities.

The publisher joins in the tribute, being an acknow-
ledgement, demanded in justice, for the consideration
this enterprise has met.

The writers from whose works the histoiy is culled
are Ramsay, Carroll, Mill, Johnson, Bancroft, Fraser,
Simms and Cardozo.

d by Google

f&eBerol Iniez.

AdvanUffC58. 'Htm ClwflwtoB,

Landing of ^laniards.

AllUnoe with Fnuire,

Uadert of Mullil^catlon.

Auderson leaves Moultrie,

Archdftle Qoremor.

Middleton Grant duel.

Beaaregwd deoMidB Sumter.

Mouitoni, attack by.

BomterdmeutofOity,

Morris IsUnd captnn)d

BritiBhaBstotance,

" ** scenes on*

BuUnua, Ber. dinnissed.

Moultrie, Fort builL

tapltal nmow9Xoi,

" •• described.

Moultrie Gtmeral.

rattle Pinckney taken,

Mount Pleasant.

Chaclettob, chanee of name,

ssasn-ssi'''-

Cherukee war.

principles.

City. Britiali evacoalc.

ClAiKTinaii deposed,
tlinton. Sir H^s, nege,

Ofce61a,grave of

Partl«an spirK.
Pariiament convened.

Paricer Sir P. defeated.

Comparison of revolutions,

Pitt, statue of.

^ ustom House, new,

Pirates, alarm for

Defences seisure of ,

Preparing lor war.

Delegates, colonial meet.

Prevost*s defeat

Discontent, spreading of;
£nd of war, '76,

Purry's prnposale.

Bebellions compared.

English colony pUnted,

Bemoval to Oyster Point.

Evacuation by Coufeds,

Revolution begun.

Expediionait Spmiiards,

Fort Johnson captured.

Second attack 1779,

Fire of 1740,

Secret committee.

«• 1778,

Seeds of Revolution.

*• 1861,

Saizure of Arms,

first attack '76,

Shipbuilding bcguu.

Fortifled in 1766,

araot, MiddMon duel.

State of Society 1766,

Onrerard BenJ. Governor,

States Bights,

Harbor scenes in.

SuUivan's IsUnd.

Harbor obstructton of.

Sumter described .

Hurricane of 1752.

Third attack 1780.

Inundation of 1728.

Trade and Commerce

•• 1762.

Washington, visit of.
War ofT861.

John's IsU'-d.batUo of.

YeUowtf ever fir 4 visit.

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CHARLESTON GUIDE.

Imies to AdvexttMBieBtc.

Adams, Damon k Co ,
Alien, James
Atlantio Phosphate Cor
Boo, W. 0. It 00.,
biftl, Win. M. k Co..
niftclEiEifeu, J.
Ulam H. UtU^p

l^raufl, K. 9.^ A Lflltch,
BalvrlDtilc, tl.»
Csnipben. T. ,
Curaltua FerUllz«r,
Ohnfoe, W. H* kCo.,
Cbaee fc CutHao,
CiMiqn'H Baviaiia Bank,
(JlDdkKv, fi. M.,
CiTde Bteatners,
DeLano, J. W.,
DeLeoBtH H.,
DeSamssure, L. Dm
Dowie, Motoe k Dayls,
Diilna,W, O. k Go.,
Emperor ll^iam Glaar Store,
Edidta1>leLUt(»Ins.Co.,
Edwaa FertiUsers,
Faik, I. L. It Go.,
Fleming, A. D.,
Fleming, D. F. k Co.,
Fogartie,

Freedman'a Vattooal Bank,
Hart k Co.,
Ha8tie,W 8.. It Bon,
Hayden, A. H ,
Hewitt, Dr. R. a
Harris Hizam
Haselton, D. B.
Holmes A Macbeth,
Houston, F. B.
Jennings, D. U.
Johnson, Crews k Co.,
Kaufknan, A. C.
•Kenake, L.,
Lalane, Panl B., k Co.,
Leitch, W. T. k Brans
Lowndes k Orimball,
liantoueft Co
Marine k BlTor Phosphate Co,

Page.

B. Cover.

100

iS8

360

MarshaU. E. W. & Co.
Martin k Mood,
McLean, WIDiam
Milnor, J. Q., & Co.,
Moreland, B. M*
Kauonal Savini^iaaqk,
Northeastern R ailroad Co..
l*avition Hotel,
People's Bank of 8o. Oa.,
Peck's National Itenk,
People's S«Ting8 fnsHtntion,
Phoenix Iron Works.,

Pige.
13

ll
43

66
78
88
86

6
60
16

niosphatoCo., M.ftB.,
nsBters^ and Mechanics' Bank. 43

Beao, J. B.. ffi

Sohiffley, F. A., SJ

SiegUng, Hy., ' S

8haw, W. B., £

Singer Sewteg Machine. tA

Sloan k SeCSonsT^ £

Hmith,W.B.& Co!; S

Bonder, 8. T., m

Steamers. Baltimore Line. 74

" Philadelphia ^ il

;; Clyde Line to N. Y.. Cover.

PMtod«lphia,R. Cover.

/. «^?®^ ^«* I^n«.

«• Florida and Honthmi
Stoole, «the Hatter." """^
BiiHman, A. B..
Stoll, Webb ft Co.,
1 almage, Dan6 Sons.
Taylor. John F. k Co.,
Tbomas k Lanneau.
Times. Sunday,
Toa]e,P. P.
Trim.W . J.,
TTP^^^S^' a. ft Son, oo

Walker. Evans ft Cogswell,
Whann's Snperphoephates
Weed S. MaSi5e,
WhUden,W.Q.,
Wando Fertiliser,
Wilcox ft Oibbs,
Williams. George WftCo.,

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36
76
53
38
48
66
16
48
96
I
73
68

70
93
63
34
86
66
S4
44

CHARLESTON.

PART I.
HISTORICAL.

A. D. 1562. The Southern Atlantic Seaboard of the United
States WAS first visitel, eirly in the sixteenth century, by the
Spaniards. In A. D. 1562, the Huguenots came and other
French colonists, and with varying fortunes the two ancient
enemies fought their Old World feuds on the shores of America.
There are dreadful tales told of marches through uncertain
swamps and pestiferous marshes, of murder, treachery and
rapine, of alternate victory and reverse. Though settlements
were made along the coast of South Carolina, Georgia and
Florida, the country cannot be said to have been settled till the
English, the colonising nation of the world, came down fh>m
Virginia, where in A. D. 1607, a permanent colony had been
formed by John Smith — he of Pocahontas fame.

A. D. 1671. The first English settlers on Ashley River were
stragglers from settlements formed on the river Albemarle and
at Cape Fear; the latter colony came fVom Barbadoes, under
command of John Yeamans. An organization was first effected
when in A. D. 1671, a disagreement between Yeamans, the
Governor of Cape Fear and William Sayle, who came over in

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O0WIE,MOISE&OAVI8,

WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS,

IMP0BTEB6 AND DEALERS III

Drugs, Medicine , Paints, Dyes Fancy Goods,

Liquors, Perfumery and Druggists' Articles,

Corner Meeting '^nd Basel StrecJts,
eiJARLEJSTON, ;s. a

Are Agcti'8 for the Tollowing bouses, wbosc nriicles (buy

otter tit. r fop rtf tors* Price, and solicit orders for tbem uiid

oiber Goods iu tbeir line. ,

Tt«'inauu*s Instruments, and are constantly receiving the

liiteMt and most improved articles in tbis line.
Juo. Wyeth & Bro., of Pbiladelphia — Elegant Pharmaceutical

Preparations : Beef Wine and Iron, *' Taisteless Cod Liveir

Oil,*' Pepsin, Brsmutb and Strycbnina^ Etc.
llance Bros. & White, of Philadelphia—Standard Solid and

Fluid Extracts and Sugar«Coated Pills.
B. Keith & Co., of New York—Reliable Coneenirated

Tinctures and Powders.
Liebig's Texan Extract of Beef, in all siie packages.
Excelsior Spring Saratoga Water. Fresh supplies received

monthly.
SHOW CASES, WALNUT AND METAL FRAMES, PATENT
SPKING ALL SIZES.

They are Proprietors of the following, which they oflfei '
with confidence as being equal to any similar Preparations
in the market:

SUMTER BITTERS, The Great Southern Tonic.
MOISE'S FEVER & AGUE PILLS. Warranted to Cure.

MOISE'S LIVER PILLS, Purely Vegetable.
MOISE'S POPULAR WHITE WORM CANDY.
MOISE'S HORSE AND CATTLE POWDERS.
MOISES MORNING STAR YEAST POWDERS.

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 5

command of an expedition, and also because Port Royal was
deemed too near the Spanish seitlemenis for safety, caused a
removal from thai port to Old Charlestown, which became the
capital of the colony. But it was too far up the Ashley.

A. D. 1680. The demands of commerce required increased
facilities as the rising importance of the. trade brought more
ships into the harbor, so in the course of time the people
moved over to the present site of the city, and in A. D. 1680
the g<wcrnment followed the governed and a formal removal
by declaration took place. At that time the neck of land
between the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers, (so
named in honor of the then Lord Shaftsbury,) was called
Oyster Point, and though lower than the location of the old
city, it offered more advantages to commerce and afforded
better opportunities for defence, both against the Spanish .and
the Indians. The aborigines had, until a short time previous
to the removal, been well-disposed toward the new comers,
meeting them more than half way in hospitality and trade ;
the avarice of the white man had, however, overreached his
prudence and impositions became frequent ; then began in the
South the system of retaliation which was deep-seated in the
North. The question of preservation became a vital one to
the early settlers, and the natural advantages of Oyster Point,
improved by the rude fortifications they were able to erect,
made it almost impregnable to civilized enemies, and quite
secure against their barbarian foes. Then began a long strug-
gle for existence. The tribes of red men by which Charles-
town was surrounded were wily and constantly aggressive, but
the Spanish settlements to the south proved more dangerous
and troublesome. The Spaniards had long viewed with jealous
eye the encroachments of the English and made several attacks
by land and sea, but never succeeded in achieving a foothold
in the colony.

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M . II . I> e L E O IV ,

H H U Sk S Iw ^

No. 24 BROAD STREET.

WLLL BUT AKl) 8BLL

HEAL ESTATE, STOCKS, BONDS, OOU-
PONS, GOLD SILVER, BANK BILLS-

PEOPLE'S NATIONAL BANK.

C. O. WITTB, Pre«idont. U. 0. LOPER, Cosbicr.

OAPITAL $1,000,000.

With priTilege to increase to $2,600,000.

Oollects at all avaiUble points and remits promptly.

Tbe So. Ca. Loan & Trast Cooipany

BAITSNa OFFICE 17 SBOAD ST.,
PBESEITT AUTSOBIZED OAPITAL $500,000, Under

Oharter firoqi the State.

Francis A. Mitchcll, Cashier. Ocosai S. Caniuom,
Prroident.

ICpw York Correspoodent, THE AMERICAN EXCHANGE
NATIONAL BANK.

LOUIS D. DeSAUSSURE.

mOlSE AM C;C»MMISSIOH ACISIT

For the Sale and Purchase of stocks, Bonds, Real Estate
and Loaning of Money.

No. 23 BROAD STREET,

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CHARLKSTON OUIBE. 7

A. D. 1682. At the close of 1682, the first Parliament con-
Tened at Charlestown, and enacted law.) for establishing a
militi* 7 lor making high roads and ways through the forests,
and for regufoting the morals of the people. As &r back as
1($74 the spirit of liberty, which ouhninated in the revolution
of 1770, and proved in 1861 that its fires still burned in the
Southern heart, became manifest. Liberty of consdedce and
the aekta(>wledgemAt of their vested interest in the soil they
tilled and the produce for which thty. forfeited their native
land and lived in peril, constituted the sum of their just
demand. Between the lords proprietary, who ruled the colony,
fh>m Englan<}, and the colonists there 'sprung up differences,
and the authority of the proprietors and their deputed
goYemeis was defied.

A. D. 1720. In 1720, the city had greatly outgrown the
fortifications, and to the north and west of the old wall there
lay a large traet to defend with inadequate means. Fears
were entertained that the pirates, suocessors of those who had
but forty years before been not only allies but actually of the
town, and who originally had been sent out to war upon the
Spaniards, but interpreted their commission to be general
letters of reprisal, would fall upon the place and plunder and
destroy it as they had other settlements along the coast ; the
French too began to add to the cloud of dangers which hovered
around the precarious condition of the colony and its cf^ital.
Amid all this the colonists and especially those of Charlestown,
stood up nutnftilly for their personal rights, dreading less the
attacks of civilized and savage enemies than the encroachments
of their rulers.

A. D. 1728. At length a solution of the difficulties between
the rulers and the people was found in the purchase of the
interest of the original grant or charter of the colonies by the
crown. •

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THE MARINE AND RIVER
PHOSPHATE MIHIHG

AND

MANUFACTURmGCO.,

SOUTH CAI^OLiNA.

D. T. CORDIN, Pres. REUBEN TOMLINSON, Trras.

B. C. HARD, Secretary. h

-:o:-

aROUNDPHOSPHATEperton,$12.00.

:o:

This Oonipany, under a grant from the State, is engaged
in digging PHOSPHATE ROCK from (he beds of the Rivers 4
and navigable waters of the State, and is prepared to FUR'
NISH THE SAME IN LARGE QUANTITIES, either
GROUND or in the CRUDE form,

Onarsnteeing 55 per cent. Phosphate of Lime.

Office 1^0. 5 Hayne Street,Cliarleston,S.C. '

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 9

The purchase was made for seventeen thousand five hundred
pounds sierliiig, to be paid before the end of September,
1729, free of all deduetions ; after whkh payment, tHe province
was to be vested in the crown of Great Britain. At tlie same
time s^ven-^gidi paris of ^c arrears 6f qult-r«0te, due ftrom^
the colonists to the proprietors, amounting to somewhat more
than nine thousand pounds sterling, were also purchased for
the crown for five thousand ; so that seven-eighth pi^rts of this
TMt. territory cost no more than twenty -t we thousand five hun-
dred pounds. Biit, in this act of parliament there is a clause,
reserving to John' Lord €arteret the remaining eighth sAiare of
the property and arrears of quit-rents, which continued long
legally vested in that family, only all ids share in the govern-
ment he surrendered to the crown. The proprietors who sold
their shares at this time, were Henry, Duke of Beaufort, Wil-
liam, Lord Craven, James B«rtie, Dodington Greville, Henry
Bertie, Mary Danson, Elizabeth More, Sir John Colleton, John
Cotton and Joseph Blake, who before the surrender were pos-
sessed, either in their own right or in trust, of seven-eighth
parts of the government and property of the province. This
surrender was made to Edward Bertie, Samuel Horsey, Henry
Smith and Alexis Clayton in trust for the crown. In conse-
quence of this act, the King, claimed the right to appoint Gov-
ernors to both North and South Carolina, and a council similar
to the other regal governments in America.
- Trade flourished and immigration received a wonder-
ftil impulse, ^partly from the report sent to Europe of the'
fruitfulness of this land and partly as it was ready means'
of escape IVom religious and political persecution, and
the effects of the almost constant wars between the nations
of the Old World. We Bnd in Purry's "Proposals, &c.,"
Carroll's Historical Collections of ■ South Carolina, pp.

d by Google

HART & CO.

HARDWARE MERCHANTS,

AND AGENTS

FOB

AYEI^Y AND SONS' PLOWS.

FAIEBAKES SCALES.

SWfiDRBlBOM,

HOES,

POTWaRE.

ENaUSHlBON,

TBAOBS,

TIMWABX.

HOOP IRON,

NAILSi,

WOODWABB,

PLOUGH SlIEEIi.

BOPK.

BBSTnSHUNES,

TUBPSMTUVB HACKS,

PLOUGH UKES,

SEINE TWINX.

TUBPEMTIHl TOOLS,

GUMS,

FISHHOOKS,

MILLSTOMBS,

PISTOLS,

BOLTIMG CLOTH.

Hayne SUeet, and Cbrner of King and Marketi

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rnARLKRTON oriPE. 11

12D. that in the fiscal year ending March 1781 tlierc sailed
from X^'harlest >wn (wo hundred and seven ships, most of them
for England, which carried among other goods 41957 Barrels
of Kice, about 500 Poimd Weight per Barrel, l(Mi54 Barrels of

. Titeh, 20C3 of Tar and 1156 of Turpentine ; of Deer Skins
v>0() casks containing 800 or 900 each, besides a vast quantity
of Indian Corn, Pease &c." Then there were l)ctween five
nnd six Inmdred liouses in the city the most of which were
*• very costly," besides four handsome churches, viz., on(i

*churcli of Eiigland, one Presbyterian, one l^aptist and. one
French. On the plantations jound about, the visitors from the
northern colonies nnd even those from England were surprised
to find stately buildings and noble castles on the wide estates
nnd every-where evidences of thrift in developing the grer.t
resources of the country and marks of tht^- accumulation of
r!;r«at wealth. JoJjnjXrchdale, governor, j-ecords his admiration
of the city and ccnmtry and in one sentence gives us an idea of
bow strangers were impressed. He writes ; '* ou^of Charles
Town for tkrce or four Miles, called the Broadway; (now
Meeting street, Ed.) is so delightful a Road and Walt-of a great
>>readth, so pleasantly Green, that I believe no Prince in
Europe, by all their art can make so pleasant a sight for the
x^'hole year,"

During the summer of 1728, the weather in Carolina was
observed to be uncommonly hot, by which the face of the esirth
was entirely parched, the pools of standing water dried up,
an<l the beasts of the field were re«luced to the greatest dis-
tress. After such a long and general drought, the inhabitants
having usually observed hurricane^ and tornadoes to follow in
autumn, they began accordingly to look out witli superstitious
'.iread for them, as that season of the year approached. Ac-
cordingly ff dreadful hurrirjane happened in theend of August,
and occa.sioned an inundation, which overflowed the town nnd

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E. W. Marshall, W. H. Snowden, Jos. T. Wells

1 1 MffiM k Co.,

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC

DRY GS^OODS,

ANI>

3SrOTIOISTS.

JbyLnOOgle

CHARL1S8T0N GUIDE. 13

the low lands, and did incredible damage to the fortifications,
houses, wharves, shipping and corn fields. The streets of
Oharlestown were covered with boats, boards, staves, and the
inhabitants were obliged to take refuge in the higher stories of
their dwelling-hoUses. Twenty-thre'e ships were driven
ashore, most of which were either greatly damaged, or dashed
to pieces* The Fox and Garland men of war, stationed there
for the protection of trade, were the only ships that rode out
the storm. This hurricane, though it levelled many thousand
trees in the maritime parts, yet so tliick was the forest, that, it
was scarcely perceived a hundred miles from the shore. But
OS such violent storms a^ occasioned by the rarefaction
of the air, with excessive heat, they are seldom of long
duration, for having restored the equipoise in the atmosphere,
the wind commonly shifts, and the tempest ceases.

The same year the infectious and pestilential distemper,
known as the Yellow Fever, broke out in town, and swept
off multitudes of the inhabitants, both white and black. As
the town depended entirely on the country for fresh provi-
sions, the planters would suffer no person to carry supplies to
it, for fear of catching the infection, and bringing it to the
country. The physicians knew not how to treat the uncommon
disorder, which was so suddenly caught^ and proved so quickly
fatal. The calamity was so general, that few could grant
assistance to their distressed neighbors, however much needed
and earnestly desired. So many funerals happening every
day, while so many lay sick, white persons sufficient for bury-
ing the dead were scarcely to be found ; and though they were
often interred on the same day they died, so quick was the
putrefaction, so offensive and infectious were the corpses, that
even the nearest relations seemed averse ft-om the necessary
duty.

A. D. 1730-40. From 1731 to 1739 the growth of the city

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JOHH G. MILHO^R & CO.,

J^ XT. CD TXO 1ST

AND

COiMMISSION MEKCIIANTS,

AND

JOBBERS IN DIIY1300DS, CLOTHING,
&c.,

Na 135 MEETING STREET,

VllAJiLESTON, S. C.

^So kooj) filsvnjs (.11 l.jiiid u (ienerjil Asf^crlniont of rorrif!;n
find Domoptic })vy (lord.s, Clothing, &c„ whicb we will soil
at New York [>i ic i^, aiul are enabled to offer special indanc-
inents to huycif, liaTinj: our paHncf, Mr. J. .1. Martin, resid-
ing in Now Vor?;. allonding a7l the large sales, and throng^b
him rcceiying New GoodH by every Steamer.

llr.(ULAi{ ArrnoN Sai.k Days.

TrKSDAYS AM) TIHRSDAYS.

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was vapiil for Ihosc times, much m(»rc su tUau aiiv (»llier (own
ill the colonies s<»uth of IMjil.i'lelplna, and the settlement of the
rich country tributary to it n\ji«le Charleston a greater town
iu wealth, numbers, intelligeiice and lite dictation of public
«jpinioii than even those of the northern colonies.

A, D. 1740. The year 1740 stands distinguisheil in tl e
annnls of Cirolini, not only for its unsneci^-issful expedition
against the Spmiarls, but als) for a desidatinr fire, Whicli in
November broke out in the cipit.il, and l.ii 1 (lie liilf of it in
ruins. This fire l)e;.^an about two o'clock in the afternoon, and
burnt with un(pK'nchable violence until eight at night. Tlu*
houses being built of wood, j*nd the wind blowing har I at
north-west, the tiames spre:i I with ast inishing rapidity. From
Droad-street, where the fire kindled, to Granville's Bastion,
almost every hou.se w;vs at one time in flames, and exhibited an
awful and striking scene. T1)g vast quantities of deerskins,
rum, pitch, tar, turpentine and powder, in different stores,
served to increase the horror, and the more speedily to spread
the descdation. Amid.st the cries s^nd .shrieks of the women
an 1 children, an I the bursting forth of film es in different
«piirters, occisionel by the violent wind, which carried the
burning shingles to a greatilistance, the men were put into
onfusion, and so anxious were they about the safety of their
families, that they could not be prevailed upon to unite their
efforts for extinguishing the fire. The sailors from the men of
war, and ships in the harbour were the most active and
alventjirotis hands engaged in the service. But such was the
violence of the flames, that it baffled all the art and power of
man, and burnt until the calmness of the evening closed the
dreadful scene. Three hundred of the most convenient buibl-
ings in the town were consumed, which, together with loss of
goods, and provincial commodities, amounted to a prodigious
sum. Happily few lives were lost, l)ut the lamentations of

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ESTABLI^HEDJN 1844. .

JOHN F. TAYLOR & CO,

ENaiNEERS, BOILER MAKERS, &c.,
EAST BAY & PRITOHARD ST.,

(Near the Dry Dock.)

MARINE, STATIONARY AND PORTABLE
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HOISTING ENGINES.

RICE THRESHERS AND MILLS OF

EVERY DESCRIPTION.

SHAFTINGS, PULLEYS AND GEARINGS,

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FORGINGS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS.

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We guarantee to furnish Engines and Boilers of as good
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AT THESR WORKS.

jm- HEPAIR9 PROMPTLY ATTESIDED TO -«t*

Digitized by CjOOQIC

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 17

ruined families were heard in every quarter. la short, from
a flourishing condition the town was reduced in the space of
six hours to the lowest and most deplorable state. All those
inhabitants whose houses escaped the flames, went around and
kindly invited their unfortunate neighbours to them, so that
two and three families were lodged in places built only for the
accomodation of one. After a legislature met, to take the
miserable state of the people under consideration, they agreed
to make application to the British parliament for relief. The
British parliament voted twenty thousand pounds sterling, to
be distributed among the sufferers of Charlestown, which was
equally seasonable and useful on the one side, as it was generous
and noble on the other. No time should obliterate the impres-
sions of such benevolent actions. This gift certainly deserved
to be written on the table of every heart, in the most indelible
characters. For all men must acknowledge, that it merited
the warmest returns of gratitude, not only from the unfortuate
objects of such bounty, but from the whole province. This
year (1740) saw shipbuilding, first began as a separate and
great enterprise, five shipyards being established in the colony,
one at Charleston, three in the immediate vicinity and one at
Beaufort from which between this year and 1776 twenty-four
square-rigged vessels besides a great fleet of schooners and
sloops were launched .

A. D. 1752. In the month of September, 1752, a dreadM
hurricane happened at Charlestown. In the night before, it was
observed by the inhabitants that the wind at north-east began
to blow hard, and increasing in violence till next morning.
Then the sky appeared wild and cloudy, and it began to drizzle
and rain. About nine o'clock the flood came rolling in with
great impetuosity, and in a little time rose ten feet above high
water mark at the highest tides.^ As usual in such cases, the
town was overflowed, and the streets were covered with boats,

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IMMENSE SUCCESS

OF THE

181,260 MACHINES SOLD IN

1871; 52,734 MORE THAN

ANY OTHER COMPANY

IN ONE YEAR.

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heavy work, and that a child 11 years of age can operate it
with ease. Their " New Family '* Challenges the world.

This justly Celebrated Machine is becoming more i»nd
more popular. Dont't fail to visit the office while in Cbarles-
toa. Their elegant Salesroom is at 18G King Si, Charleston,
S. C. Residence Waverly House.

J. CLARK BEDELL, Agent

II. D. HAWLEV, General Igent for South Carolina,
Georgia and Flori la, Office loi Brou^hton street, Savannah.
Georgia.

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CHARLESTON (iUinE. 1 1>

boanls, :ui<l wrecks of houses .lud ships. Before eleven all the
ships in the harbour were «lriveu ashore, an<l sloops au'l
schooners were dashing agiinst the houses of Bay-street, in
which great quantities of goods were damaged and destroyeil.
Except the Hornet man of war, whicli by cutting awa,v lier
masts, rode out th^ storm, no vessel escaped being damaged or
wrecked. The tremor and consternation which seized the
inhabitants may be more easily conceived than expressed.
Finding thcmaelves in fhe midst of a tempestuous sea, an<l
expecting the tide to tlow till one o'clock, its usual hour, at
eleven they retireil to the upper stories of their house-!, and
there remained <lespairing of life. Soon after eleven tiie
wind shifted, in consequence of whi'ch the waters fell five feet
in the space of ten minutes. By this change the Gulf Stream,
stemmed by the violent blast, had freedom to run in its usual
course, and the town was saved from imminent danger and
destruction. Had the water continued to rise, and the tide to
liow until its usual hour, every inliabitant of Chartestown must
have perished. Almost all the tiled an<l slated houses were
uncovered, several persons were hurt, and some weredrowne 1.
The fortifications and wharves were almost entirely demolished :
the provisions in the field, in the maritime ports, weie
destroyed, and numbers of cattle and hogs perished in the
waters. The pest-house on Sullivan's island, built of wood,
with fifteen persons in it, was carrieil several miles up Cooper
river, and nine out of fifteen were drowne<l. In short, says
Carroll in his comment on this event, sucli is the low situation
of Charlestown, that it is subject to be destroyed at any time by
such an inundation, and the frequent warnings the people
have had may justly fill them with a deep sense of theii-
dependent condition, and with constant gratitude to Provi-
dence for their preservation.

A. D. 1701. The terror^ of an Indian war, that gave

Digitized by CjOOQIC

Paul B. Lalane, E F. Larousscliere, A. A. Aveilhe.

fay

COMMISSION MERCHANTS

AND

WHOLESALE GROCERS,
CHABLESTON, S. C.

We offer to the trade at the lowest market rates :
Clear Kib Bacoa Sides, Choice Bacon Shoulders,

L C &*C R D S Sides and Shoulders,
Choice New York Sugar Cured Pig,

Shoulders and Breakfast Bacon.
JH^ FRESH BY EVERY STEAMER. «*»(
Sugar, Lard, Syrup,

Cheese, Butter, Soap,

Mackerel, Cod Fish, Herring,

Potatoes, Paper, Jellies.

With a full line of GROCERIES and COUNTRY PRODUCE.
We solicit country order;? and consignments, and invite
purchasers to examine our stock.

Out Door Sales Attended To.

dbyL^oogle

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 21

promise of being the most severe through which the colony
had yet passed, roused the most strenous efforts to meet the
emergency on the threshold, and to anticipate the forays of
the red men, by carrying their arms into the enemy's country.
But this was no easy matter. It involved the sacrifice of vast
sums of money ; the loss of time consequent upon the embodi-
ment of troops to be brought from remote distances; the
passage through great wilderness, which, as yet, offered no
openings- for transportation of provisions, for artillery, and in
every fastness of which might lurk an overpowering ambush.
And, in the meantime, what massacres were to dye the
frontier settlements in blood, and lay waste their habitations.
But facing these dangers and discouragements boldly, the
citizens of Charlestown proceeded to work with the vigor which
which became a martial people. A regiment was raised, the
command of which was given to Colonel Middleton. He was
admirably seconded by lieutenants, who were determined, in
this campaign, to lay the foundations of great reputations,
which were to rise during another war, at a much later period,
to which this contest of the red men was, comparatively, a
play at soldiers, rather than a sanguinary conflict. Among
the field officers, in this provincial regiment, we find the
names of^ Harry Laurens, William Moultrie, Francis Marion,
Isaac Huger, and Andrew Pickens; names which have been
greatly distinguished in the annals of the state, and of the
confederacy. It was during this expedition that they com-
menced that admirable course of training which prepared
them for the more arduous trials, and the prolonged conflicts of
the Revolution, the thunders of which were already muttering
in the sky,4hough audible, perhaps, only to the keener senses
of the sagacious few.

But, the war with the Cherokees was not allowed to fall
wholly upon provincial shoulders. The British government.

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MANTOUE & CO.,

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AND

DEi^LERS m WHISKIES, BRAlir-

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SEGARS AND TOBACCO.

;SOLK A GEXTS FOR TIJE.STA TE OFISOUTH

CAROLINA, FOR THE CELEBRATED

PANACEA BITTERN AND OLD

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PEOPEiSToas or the Charleston brakch

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or.DEUS I'UOMl'TLY AXU FAITIIFL'LLV EXECUTED-

114 k 118 EAST BAY,

ClI All LEST ON^, S, C.

Digitized by CjOOQ IC

rriAULESTON GUIPE 23

since it had tjrken tlie place of tlie propriotary, hnd never
withheld from tlic colony Ui^t niirFiiij!; care and jirotectiou
which its infancy dcniantled. Whatever the offences of Great
Britain, under «ther of the Georges, in respect to their
usurpation or ahuse of power, it is to tlieir credit that they
rarely showed remissness or inditference, when the safety of
the province was threatened by the enemy, or when it needed
succor for its absolute maintainance. On this occasion, the
native regiment was suj>ported by a large body of regular
troops, under Colonel James Grant, who reached ("harlestown
early in 17<51. and proceeded to the rendezvous with the pro-
vincials. "With a small auxiliary force of red warriors, from
the friendly tribes, the little army numbered in all some
twenty-six hundred men, all of whom were under the authority
of Colonel Grant.

The campaign was short and decisive; the first meeting with
the savages proving for them a disastrous defeat which laid
open to the whiter the road to the towns and villages of the
Cherokeos ; and most of them were destroyed.

This campaign of Grant and Middleton, so credftable to the
valor of all concerned in it, was followed liy an unhappy differ-
ence between the commanders of the regular and provincial
forces. Colonel Grant seems to have >)een a person of haughty
and arrogant temper. He was distinguished by all that inso-
lent spirit of superiority, which was so apt to distinguish the
conduct of officers of the mother-country in their treatment of
the provincials ; a signal instance of which exhibited itself,
not long before, in a neighboring coh)ny, in the deportment of
the depraved and arrogant Braddock toward the modest pro-
vincial, Washington.

In i{< indulgence, Grant, after he reached Charlestown, gave
offence to Colonel jMid<lleton, his associate in the command of
the forces. Mid<lleton was the first person m the colony.

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W. H. CHAPEE & CO.,

WHOLESALE GROCERS,

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PORTER,BOTTLED BY E.kJ BURKE;
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W. H. COAFEB. T. S O'BtttBN.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 25

His family had always been distinguished by its condnct, and
by its influence. He was a gentleman as tenacious of the
honor of the province as of his own position. Grant, it seems,
had, during the Cherokee expedition, displayed a most offen-
sive indifference to all the suggestions of the provincial officers ;
enacting, in brief, the character of Braddock, as far as this
ignored the proper consideration of the provincials. They
were not held to be authority in military operations, even
though these were conducted in their own country, and in a
war so anomalous as that with the red men.

To this offence he added by claiming the chief credit for
himself and regulars, of having subdued the Cherokees. There
may have been some direct, as there was certainly much tacit
disparagement of the provincials, in this assumption.

The claim was resisted and resented by Middleton, with
promptitude and spirit. A controversy ensued, the result of
which was, according to one of the authorities, that Middleton
caned Grant,*on Vendue Range, in Charlestown. A duel fol-
lowed, and shots were ineffectually exchanged. Here, theaffair
was arrested and Grant left the country. But the affair ocda-
sioned an intense excitement, and bitter feelings of animosity
in the community. The native Carolinians generally sided
with their champion ; but, the Scotch merchants, in the city,
who constituted the largest portion of the trading population,
as naturally took sides with Grant. The bitter animosities
which followed, it is not improbable, contributed considerably
to awaken, in the provincials, a more keen conviction of the
arrogant and usurping spirit of the mother-country, which
then, or soon after, began to display itself in various ways, a
spirit no less impudent than usurpative, and which, finally,
by its exactions and its insolence, led the colonies into a defi-
ance of British power and authority, which, though inevitable

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The splendid Bide wheel Sleasmhlps of this line consist rng
of the

Manhattan, . . . .M. S. Woodhull, Coldmandor.
Champion R. W. Lockwood, Commander.

J(l6»]r!r Leave New York and Charleston -cvory SATi'RnAY.

JB^y^ The.se Steamshipp are handsomely and coni fort ably
fitted up for passenjjors and offer superior indiieonients to
travellers.

ijj^ Close connection made with the day and nipht train.<»
of the South Carolina Rail Road Co., with the Bteamers City
Point and Dictator for Savannah and Florida, and with the
Savannah and Charleston Rail Road.

IIenbt R. Morgan & Co., j

177 West street. Jambs Aoobr & Co.,

Agents at New York. | Agents at Charleston.

Digitized by CjOOQ IC

rUAULESTON r.lMDE. 27

in the end, might otherwise liave >)cen delayed for, possibly, a
hundred years.

A. D. 1765. In this year the number of white inhabitants
in Charlestown was between five and six thousand, of nej^roes
between seven and eight thousand. The harbor of Charlestown
was feebly fortified. On tlie ( Voper river line there were sev-
eral batteries. Fort .Johnson, on .James' island, was a slight
fabric, with barracks for fifty men. The guns were mounted,
in tolerable numbers, on all these forts ; but, there had been
hut little science shown in the erection, and neither fort nor
town could have long stood the conflict with a couple of ships
of war, using very heavy metal. Outside of Charlestown, the
towns were mere hamlets of the smallest size. Beaufort,
Purysburg, Jacksonburg, Dorchester, f amden and Georgetown,
were inconsiderable villages, not one exceeding forty dwellings,
anil most of them within twenty or thirty. But Charlestown,
in that day, took rank, second to none, with the largest and
most prosperous cities of North America. The people within,
rtutl in its precincts, were opulent, gay, shoAvy, and hospitable ;
their sons had been sent to IJngland, for education.- They
brought back taste and refinement, as well as habits of ex-
penditure. Fashions in dress and ornament were rapidly
transferred from Europe. ^Luxury had found its way into the
wilderness. Nearly every (^harles^own family kept single
horse chaises, and most of the principal planters, their
carriages, drawn by teams of four, and the horses were
import e<l from Europe, and of good blooded stocks. They
drank fine wines of Madeira, and used freely, also, the
French, Spanish and Portuguese wines. These were commonly
displayed at dinner parties. Tea, coifee, chocolate, were
among the breakfast and evening beverages, and the drink, in
ordinary, through the day, was punch. But, though thus
living, the genilemen, in general, wera temperate. " In short,"

Digitized by CjOOQ IC

AT THE OLD STAND,

]VO. 16 :OI«O^^T> ST.,

AND

NO. 3 STATE STREET,

DEALERS IN

STOVES, RANGES, GRATES,

PUMPS, LEAD AND IRON PIPE, SHEET
LEAD, COPPER AND ZING, ROOFING-
TIN, TIN WARE, TINNERS TOOLS, &c.

AQENTS FOR THE

UNION WASHING MACHINE AND
WRINaER.

-:o.-

All kinds of Plumbing Work, Roofino, Guttering, and Tin

Work generally promptly attended to, by tue most

careful and experienced workmen.

d by Google

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 29

says tke old Scotch Presbyterian, Hewatt, " the people were
not only blessed with plenty, but with a disposition to share it
among friends and neighbors ; and, many will bear me wit-
ness, when I say, that travellers could scarcely go into any
city where they could meet with a society of people more
agreeable, intelligent, and hospitable, than that at Charles-
town. In point of industry, the town is like a bee-hive, and
there are none that reap not advantage, more or less, from the
flourishing trade and commerce. Pride and ambition had not
as yet, crept into this community ; but the province is fast
advancing to that state of power and opulence, when some
distinctions among men necessarily take- place."

From 1732 Charlestown had possessed a newspaper ; they had
also, a good bookstore, and had formed a society and library,
which was furnished with all new British publications of value.
The sports of the city, were balls and assemblies, which
* * were attended by companies almost equally brilliant as those
of any town in Europe, of the same size." In the country, the
sports of the field were enjoyed on a bolder and more adventu-
rous scale than in Great Britain. The planters had the best
dogs and horses ; were greater riders, and good riflemen ; and
there were foxes to be hunted, and deer and bear formed the
ordinary objects of pursuit.

Such were Charlestown and Carolina at the close of the
Cherokee war, and when, all enemies withdrawn from their
borders, they were suff'ered to pursue their occupations in
peace. Yet smoothly as flowed the tide there was an under-
current setting toward resolution. Even in the moment of as-
sured prosperity the seeds were in rapid progress of cultivation
which were to produce intestine war, separation from the
mother-country and all the pride and perils of independence.

For long had discontent been rising and the temper of the
colonists only waited some extreme measure of taxation or

Digitized by CjOOQ IC

NJ, 25 BROVD STREET,

C^i^n L.KHTO X , H. O.

V> 'AI.hiH IN

jRtiJ^ Bonds, Stocks, Land Warrants Gold, Silver and L'xchan;?o

Hi)-' Colloi'tions of Dividends, Coupoas, Notes, Dr.Jiia &c., on all
poiutH in the United States, mide upon tli« must favorable turuif, and
proceeds promptly accoim ed fo**.

M^- Intoreft allowed upon deposits.

U^r' All business attended to with fi lelity and despatch.

DRUGGIST AND APOTHECAEY.
ITO* «9 BROAD STREET,

mmhmmn, n. -e

TMl'OirrKll OK
DKUGS, BUUSHE^', SPONGES, CHEMICALS, PERyUMI'RY, &c.

i. 13.— Medicine Chests tor Family, Plantation and vShip use, fur-
nished ou moderate terms.

HERMANN BULWINKLE.

Ijat« of and Successor to
T. J KERR & CO.,

SHIPPING & GENERAL COMMISSION
MERCHANT,

KERR'S WHARF,

r; :fi ./i m i, k ti y © h , ?i „ n ,.

SCHIFFLEY'S' FINE ART GALLERY,
333 KING STREET,

Ambrotypes, Ferrotypes Photographs and every other stylo of
Picture made in Iho neatest manner p^rsiblo.

Special atfc tion ;'.iv' n t ^ <-n;yin.'^ < t oM PicturfS. Satisfaction {Tin r_
aulcca at F. A, S UII'FLEY'S.

Digitized by CjOOQIC

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 31

oppression by the Home Government to commit some overt act of
rebellion. It was found in the Stamp Act passed by the British
Parliament and ineffectually protested against by the Colonists.
A ship was despatched from England for Charlestown with the
. obnoxious stamps. On the arrival of the stamped paper in
this harbor, the lieutenant-governor, Bull, perceiving the tem-
per of the people, did not venture to bring the stumps into the
city. He found himself too feeble to coerce obedience. The
stamps were, accordingly, stored at Fort Johnson, on .James'
island. This ascertained, a body of volunteers, one hundred
and fifty in number, were organized and armed, proceeded, at
midnight to the fort, * surprised it, secured the garrison, and
seized the stamp-paper. Then, arming the batteries, and mak-
ing all preparations for the defence of the fort against the
British sloop-of-war which had brought the stamps, and which
lay directly under their guns, they hung out a flag at daylight,
showing a blue field with three crescents. The sight of this
iiag brought about a parley with the commanding officer of the
sloop. Il-e was iavitcd into the fort, and shown the prepara-
tions for its defence — was told that they were prepared to
resist any assault ; but, that they would re-deliver to him the
stamped paper, on his solemn pledge to depart with it to Eu-
rope, and sail immediately. The officer, upon reflection, ccip-
plied witJi the requisition, and, receiving the paper, weighed
anchor, and went to sea that very day,

Hius was the Revolution begun in Soutli Carolina (October,
1705). The -crisis was alarming ; it effected. a favorable change
m the ministry, and the stamp act was repealed (1776).

It is in proof of the fact that the South Carolinians had
sought only a redress of grievances, and the assertion of their
rights as British subjects, and not the separation of the prov-
ince from th-e mother-country, that they received the tidings
of this repeal with great rcjoi-cings. In their gladness of heart.

Digitized by CjOOQ IC

STEBEOGBAPHS

FORT SUMTER, MAGNOLIA,

AND

ALL POINTS OF INTEREST IN CHARLESTON

ALSO SAVANNAH AND FLORIDA VIEWS

CAN BE HAD AT

58 rJIIIlD|l

263 KING STBEET,

(Oppoi^iTE IIasel Street.)

^%7ic d^halogla/ihio Walk o^ cvcttf c/e^Of'/dtoft
i'Piamfdhf Sivecutcd, Mamc^^ 0^auo

STmFMEM T. §)QlJBEa

ARTIST AND PHOTOGRAPHER.

Digitized by CjOOQIC

CHAELESTON GUIDE. 33

they proceeded to erect a marble statue in Charlestown, of
William Pitt, in recognition of his great and patriotic endeav-
ors to bring about this repeal, and in urgiftg the rights and
claims of the Americans. This statue is preserved to the pres-
ent hour and stands in the ground of the Orphan Asylum,
Charleston.

A. D. 1774. On July 6, 1774, there gathered at Charlestown
an informal body of one hundred and four deputies from all
parts of the province the object of which was the devising of
some means to relieve themselves of injustices and for the
redress of their grievances. Almost the first act of this body
was to elect Henry Middleton, John Rutledge, Thomas Lynch,
Christopher Gadsden, and Edward Rutledge, deputies to a
general colonial congress at Philadelphia. They then made
provision that in fifteen merchants and fifteen mechanics of
Charlestown, and sixty nine planters representing the rest of
the province should be vested the government of the colony
till the next meeting of the representatives thus majiing the
usurpation of civil authority by the people complete. Ves-
sels loaded with tea only saved their cargoes by placing
themselves under protection of the war-ships in the har-
bor or putting out to sea. The discontent of the peo-
ple was fomented by the act of Parliament quartering the sol-
diers on private families. The citizens applied for arms,
ostensibly to protect the more remote settlements against
Indians, but it was understood to be merely a pretext whereby
to supply themselves with munitions of war. The feeling
waxed warmer daily. On Sunday August 14th, the Rev. John
Bullman, assistant Minister of St. Michael's, preached a ser-
mon which was supposed to reliect on the popular proceedings.
His audience could scarcely hear him out and he was subse-
quently dismissed from the church. When in the vestry the
Vole for his dismission was put, there was a cry, " now ^hnM

Digitized by CjOOQ IC

D. B. HASELTON,

AGT. FOE SOUTH CAROLINA.

-:^ CO

§5

^•§

^ ^0

O rK,

^^ -^

<>^ ^

c§ 2

"««^

;:;i

I' I

V*iVVWWi \Ji^.

r*i^':Q))

THE WEED JCTEV FAMILY
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warranted to be the simplest and best double tbrornl
machine. D. B. Haselton, Agent for South Carol in;i.
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&c., for sale. Repairino; on all machines.

Buy where you have a clioice of machines.

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we SCO who arc the cnoniif^ of tho crnimrv." The voir itrniij'-*
him was welcome*! with a «»hoii« ihat «j]H»nk plilpif ami .ilinr a^
a l)roof of thfi strength of tin- Aiiiericnii cauhe,

A. D. 1775. The (Idejratt's of the Colony to the numhur of
one huniiretl and eiglily-lour iiie< in ('lluHo^t^»n in Jannniv
l77o at the Exclutnize, afteiwanl a«ljourninfr to the Sine
House. Tliey Jiasse I rest»liitioiiMyj>*frr I to th(» tiiiu'* an 1 mhj>, r
eeilcil the royal povernnieu^-'firinost of its ilelails. Volnnfen-
were rnised and th^^fPry >»oy.M of the eity, eniulaiinp their
seniors, \^'ev^j0fffih\\Hy in the iwe of miinie weipons. and in
the practio^^- ti,^ maniiel. The deputies a^'^umed all filia-
tions '^f^lfthority and plaeed S«»Hth Carolina in an attitude «d
ho.slij^to Englstnil. In Apfil the (Jeneral Conmiiitee. n« thej
^^yKx tltemselves met again at Charlestown and taking into
^9lsideration the aggressive measures pro| rned hy the Home
r()vernment (tetermincd to seize the puldic military stores.
^^ilinrles Pinckney, William Henl-y Drayton, Arlhtir Mid<lleton.
[ diaries roteswofth Piilckney, William (lihbs, and Kilward
w AVeyman were chosen a committee for this pnrpo.*4e, an<l on the
m tiiglit of the 21st of April they proceeded to their work, seiTiing
fj all the arms and ammunition in the arsenals and storehouses of
i Charlcstow'n. Only two days >)efore this the battle of Lexing-
.' ton had been fought in Massachusetts the news of which added

)fuel to the flames of discontent already fiercely burning in
Charlestow'n. The legislature of the province met on the first
of June and passed laws prohibiting the exportation of rice,
V and resolved to raise two regiments, one of infantry rtn<l one of
A cavalry forthwith. The secret committee of the colonists about
2 this time found it necessary to put their powers into active
^ operation in Charlcstown, in silencing foreign incendiaries.
Soffie of them were tarred and feathered, carted through the
fltrcots and shipped for England. iVi this time all the defenses of

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FOR DIRECTORS.

John Hanckel, W. H. Houston, C. H. West, Wm. A. Court-
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Lafitte, E. C. Williams, Geo. A. Locke, J. II. Wilson,.,Wm.
Ufferhardt, J. B. Betts.

John Hanckel, President. James B. Betts, CashieiSv^

W. y. LEITCH & R. S. BRUNS, )

STOCK AND NOTE BROKERS, AUCTIONEERS, AND REA
ESTATE AGENTS,

as BMO^O STREET. I

J. B. £• Sloan. Jas. M. Seignious.

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 37

the harbor except Fort Johnson were in the hands of the colon-
ists and the revolutionary committee determined on its posses-
sion ; accordingly on the night of the 16th of September 1776,
they, under command of Moultrie, seized the fort which in view
of the preparations being made had been abandoned by the
royalists. It was promptly manned and equipped iVom the
city and itg guns brought to bear on the British frigates Tamar
and Cherokee which lay abreast it. Lord Campbell, late gover-
nor of the colony, had taken refuge on board one of the ships
and seeing Moultrie's flag, a silver crescent on a blue field, fly-
ing from the fort sent a messenger to ^now by what authority
the fort was held. He was answered "by authority of the
council of safety." At this the ships made demonstrations of
of attack but finding they were not likely to achieve anything
but hard blows they wisely withdrew.

Meanwhile, the council of safety was endeavoring to
increase the securities of Charlestown. It was resolved to
sink hulks to obstruct the passage of Marsh channel and Hog-
island creek. Schooners were purchased for the purpose.
But, before this could be done, it was necessary to provide a
naval force sufficient for the encounter with the British sloops-
of-war, and to prevent them from interfering with the work
of closing the channels. A schooner, called the Defence,
Captain Tuffts, armed with ten guns, and a complement of
seventy men, was prepared for this purpose. Drayton, presi-
dent of the council, went on board as chief in command. The
Tamar and Cherokee — the one of sixteen guns, the other six —
endeavored to arrest the performance of the work ; but the
hulks were sunk. The British ships and the "Defence"
exchanged frequent shots with some eflfect. After a while, the
British drew off". Fort Johnson took part in the affair, and
the troops of Charlestown assembled at their several posts in
expectation of worse trials. The war was thus begun (11th

Digitized by CjOOQ IC

James S. Marlin. Wm* G. Mood, Jr»<

MARTIN & MOOD,

(Successors to t). E. Bedford.)

WHOLESALE & RETAIL GROCERS,

AND
S. W. Corner JVIceting and Market St roctSj

. Cl.arloR Underwood, | Speoial Partners, | .^c,^^ '<

1'. E. Bodfot-rt pan ho foiird at our omco tlrily. to n A* M.

A. a. STILLMAN,

^ft- /^^'''■'•' Dry Goods House,

V-f^fe-^^s^^fe^^s-j. 281 King Street,4th door
below Wentworih.

Stock conslaiilly supplied with all lli;i( is new and
desirable in the Dry Goods Line.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

niAKLKSTON (JlilDE. 81)

Noveiiibci', 177'")), ;in<l tlic :it!*:iir was <|uit« spii-iu^d. The noxt
(lay was .Sunday, but did not prevent the patriots IVoni doiu}!;
business. They met in council, and resolved to take the
merchant ship Prosper into the service of tlie colony, and man
lier, also, a;j;ainst the British sloops. Otlier i-esolves were
made for the erection of batteries. A i-ej^iment of artillery
was voted, to consist of three hundred men. Dictatorial
powers were conferred on a council consisting of the President
(Drayton), Colonel Pinckney, and Thomas lleyward, Jr. From
this time the legislature at Charlestown proceeded as if they
liad never known a king. Charlestown was a garrison. The
palmetto fort, on Sullivan's island, wa« begun by Moultrie,
which continues to bear his name: even before completion it
was dcstimed to be identified for ever with his military repu-
tation. Arms and munitions of war were gleaned and
gathered from every possible source. Lead was taken from
the housetops and churches, to be run into Imllets. Vessels
were impressed and manned as men of war. For sailors, a
bount}' was offered. Negroes were hale<l from the plantations
to help throw up defences; and, without rashness or exulta-
tion, but sufficient enthusiasm and firmness, the citizens of the
\iQ\v state looked to the hour of bloody trial as one which they
u )uld not escape, which they sRould not wish to escape, and which
must, of necessity, be at hand. The seeds of revolution had
been sown two years before; the fruits were now to be
gathered, and with crimson hands, as from the wine-press.

A. D. 177fi, The first attack made upon Charlestown was
by the British fleet under Sir Peter Parker, and the land
forces under Major General Clinton,

(Jn the 28th day of June — a day which should be famous to
all succcc^ding time in the animals of Carolina — this fleet, un«l{r
the command of Sir Peter Parker, consisting of two fifty-gun
ships, four frigates, and a niuiiber of smaller vessels, advanced

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0:2V B ririoE,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

303 KING STREET.

Manufactory & Wholesale Warehouse, 1

NE\^' YORK:.

Corner Congress and Whitaker Street,

A FULL LINE

OP YOUTH'S AND BOYS' CLOTHING CONSTANT-
LY ON HAND.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 41

to the attack. . The first object which drew their attention was
^ the little fort Moultrie, under command of General Moultrie,
a mere speck upon Sullivan's island, which, it was not
supposed, could maintain any protracted conflict. It was
built of palmetto logs. The palmetto is a tree peculiar to the
Southern States, the wood of which, being remarkably soft
and spongy, is. singularly suited to the purposes of defence
against cannon. A bullet, entering it makes no splinters nor
extended fractures, but buries itself in the wood, without doing
hurt to the parties adjacent. Within the fort was a morass,
which favored the defenders, as it extinguished the matches
of such shells as fell in the enclosure. Some of the shells
thrown on this occasion were found fifty years after, unex-
ploded, with the fuse unconsumed, and the missiles with which
they were charged, still in their original integrity — harmless
memorials of the direst purposes of harm.

While the British fleet was preparing to attack the fort,
Colonel Thompson, at the head of the third Carolina regiment,
kept the land-forces of the enemy, under Clinton, in check at
the eastern extreniity of the island. His excellency tried to
get across, but Thompson's rifles and two pieces of artillery
effectually defeated his efforts. The nmtii attaclt'iras ap«a
Fort Sullivan. Between ten and eleven o'clock, the ThuMiHr
bomb-vessel began to throw its sh^ls upoB the fort. Four of
the ships — the Actseon of twenty-eight guns, the'lMtii^
Experiment each of fifty, and the Solebay of twenty-eight—
come boldly on to the attack. A little before eleven o'clock,
the garrison fired four or five shots at the ActaBon while under
sail, but without doing hurt. When she came near the fort,
she anchored, with springs on her cables, and commenced the
battle with a broadside.

The battle lasted till near nine o'clock in the evening, and
the ammunition of the little fortress was exhausted during

^ ^ Digitized by (^OOgle

D. U. JENNINGS,

GEITBR&L. COMMISSION MBRCII&NT,

10 BROAD STREET,

ClI AIMLESS TOTV, S*. <J»

I.ir.KllAT. ADVANCKS jrAUK ON ('()NM(iNM KNTfv

IM POUTER OF AKD DLAl EK IN

Watches, Jewelry, Military Goods,
HOUSE FURNISHIITri & FANCY All-

TICIiES.
272 KING STEEET, OOE. Of EASEL STREET,
CHARLESTON, S. C.

THE PLANTERS AND MECHAN-
ICS BANK OF SO. CA.

OFFICE NO. 133 EAST BAY,

A U. Taft, President. W. E. ITaskelt., Cashier.

m li^'j "^;if^:Dim.,..^,^^

M^ m. mij'XxmM^.

BANKER AND BROKER.

29 BROAD STREET,

DKlAl.killX
Gold, Silver, Bank W\\U aiidSe^cnritio:^ ot' all Innrls. Personal Honda
jMirohused; and advances made on Secxiritio'. Internal Kevenue Stamps
for sale.

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CIIAULFSTON CUIDE. ^ 43

its continuance* The guns were almost hushed, firing only at
stated intervals. This led to the belief, on the part of the
assailants, that the defence had ceased, and they sent up three
vigorous cheers In token of their satisfaction. But a fresh
supply of powder from the city soon undeceived them. The
battle was renewed with ten-fold fury, and, though the imper-
fect structure which sheltered the Carolinians reeled and
trembled to its base at every broadside which they fired, they
kept to their guns, prepared to meet the invaders behind the
crumbling ruins— such was Moultrie's resolve — rather than
yield in a conflict upon which were equally staked the pride
and the possession of their country.

The victory was complete; the British disappeared; Fort
Sullivan changed its name to Fort Moultrie, which it now
bears» The disappearance of the British men-of-war opened
the port of Charlestown, and it became the entrep6t for
gunpowder and other munitions of war which were exchanged
for rice and indigo. The successful defence of Moultrie gave
Charlestown a respite of two years from the cala*nities of
war, during which time she enjoyed a lucrative commerce. In
1777 and 1778 she was the mart which supplied with goods
most of the states south of New Jersey. An extensive inland
traffic sprang into exist-ence between her and tlie Northern
towns, in consequence of the presence of the British fleets
ulongthe coasts of Virginia and New York. In this trafl^c
inore than a thousand wagons were incessantly eraployed.

A. D, 1778, On the fifteenth" Of .lanuary, 1778, a dreadful
fire broke out which destroyed two hundred and fifty -two
(252) dwellings, besides stores and other buildings valued, in
those days, at $2'),OrjO, This conflagraiion was impute J to
incendiary torios, and to some of the crews of BritisJi ships on
the coast, whom the former received at night into the citj,

A, D, 1 779. The alliance between the colonial authorities au I

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CAROLINA FERTILIZER

T HIXTMPHANT !

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Fifty Dollars, payable Ist Noyember, with interest at 7 per cent per
annum, dellTeredal onr Warehonse in CharleMton. Ai^onts will boU at
same prices, adding the frf^igbt and dra a^e to th^ir Depots.

GEO. W

GEO. W. WILLIAMS A CO.,

C^HAlil.KSTON, S. V

WILLIAMS

« A IV IC 1^ R, H ,

No8. 1 & 3 Hayne Street, OharlestoD, S. 0.

Will give careful attention to collpctions and remit in New Yor^ ixfiliaiiSf.

GFOL^WrwrLLIAMS & CO.,

KAC'IOUS AND

Office^ Corner Hayne and Ohurcli Streets, Charleston, S. 0.

GE07~Wr W LLIAMS & CO.,

WHOLESALE GKCCEBS

Nos. 1 & 3 Hayne Street, Charleston, ?. C.

Digitized by CjOOQIC

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 45

the French gave great umbrage, and was the cause of considerable
concern to England. A flag, sent into the port of Charlestown
from the commissioners of Great Britain, denounced the city,
( hreatening it with the last and worst extremities of war, if it
continued to prefer alliance with France to a re-union with the
Mother-country. ^ The answer was prompt defiance, and the
flag-vessel was commanded instantly to depart from the waters
of the State.

In May of this year General Prevost, the British commander
in Florida, effected a junction with Lieutenant-Colonel
Campbell, who had beaten the American General Howe in
(Jeorgia, at Savannali, and began a rapid march northwanls
with the intent of surprising and capturing Charlestown. In
this they were easily defeated by the determination of General
Moultrie within the defences, and the approach of Oeneral
l^incoln who had succeeded Tlowe in command of the American
forces in Georgia and South Carolina. Prevost crossed the
A.Mhley on the 11th of May, and with more prudence than was
required sat down before the breastworks and demanded a
surrender ; Rutledge, the President of the State, who was in
Charlestown, knowing of Lincoln's coming requested time for
tloliberation which was granted. The delay was fatal to the
British hopes, for Prevost learning by an intercepted letter
«»f Lincoln's proximity instantly retreated with his forces.

A. D. 1780-2. The next attempt at the reduction of Charles-
town was made by Sir Henry Clinton, who on the 11th of
February, 1780 encamped within thirty miles of the city which
was then in a bad plight. The people from the country afraid
of the smallpox and yellow fever, and dreading to be locke<l
up in a besciged town all summer, left the citizens and scanty
garrison to shift for themselves. At Wappoo, on James Island,
the British depot was formed, and on the first of April the
invaders ha«l crossed the Ashley and begj^|^i,e§^t^®^gi^ts

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Acid and Superpbospliate Company cf Ch irlcston, S. C,
viz :

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A complete manure adapted to Cotton, Grain and Tob icco,
being the well known article heretofore offen-d at I he very
high grade of IIS per cent. dissoUed Bone Phosphate of Lime,
with the addition, as heretofore, of Peruvian Guano, Am-
monia and Potash. Price $55 per ton, if paid on or before
the Ist of April next, and $00 per ton payable 1st November,
without interest.

ETIWAN CROP FOOD.

A new article of about the si me high grade of Soluble
Phospluite, compounded with the elements of Cotton Seed in
such a manner as to ensure one of the best fertilizers for
Cotton and Gra"n, nt a lower price than the Eiiwaii Guano.
Price $40 per ton, if paid on or before the li?t of April next,
$45 per ton, payable 1st November, without interest.

ETIWAN DISSOLVED BONE.

'Averaging from 18 to 20 per cent, of Dissolved Bone Phos-
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two tons of half that grid o at a savin;; of one half cost and
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April next, $40 per ton, payable 1st Novembi-r, without
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G neral Agents, Charleston. S 0.

^ Digitized by COOQle

CUAUI^ESTON GUIDE. 47

within twelve hundred yards of the city defences, and shortly
thereafter had erected five batteries on Charlestown neck.
The fleet cooperating with Sir Henry Clinton crossed the bar
about the same time and avoiding the error Sir Peter Parker
had fallen into, they gave Fort Moultrie as wide a berth as
possible, and avoiding a general combat, though somewhat
bothered by the fire kept up by the brave Colonel Pinckney
who commanded the fort, they came to anchor within a long
shot of the town batteries. The Continentals in their weak
condition till .supplied with food and ammunition made a stout
defence, but to no purpose, for on the 11th of May they were
compelled, from sheer inability to longer continue resistance to
capitulate. From that time till the close of the war the
British held possession.

A. D. 1782. The war was at an end, and the time arrived
for the British to leave. Having levelled the walls of the town
and Fort Johnson, the British commander opened a communi-
cation with General Green, apprising him of the intended
evacuation, and proposing terms in order that his departure
might be a peaceable one. An arrangement accordingly
followed, by which the Americans were to take possession as
the enemy's rear-guard retired; the former pledging them-
selves to forbear all hostile attempts upon the movements of
the British, on condition that they should do no ittjury to the
city.

On Saturday, the 14th of December, 1782, this event took
place, jthe morning gun was the siginal for the British rear-
guard to abandon their advanced redoubts. General Wayne,
at the head of three hundred infantry, the calvary of the
1 egion, a detachment of artillery with two six-pounders, having
been detached from the American army, had crossed Ashley
river ihe night before, and was stationed in readiness to follow
the enemy's movements.

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48 ■

THOMAS & LANNEAU,

(Late of Wbildcn & Co.)

Watclxes, Jewelry, Silver and Plated Ware,
Fancy Goods, Crockery, Chii\a and Glass.

289 Sing Street, opposite New Hasonic Temple,
CHARLESTON, S. C.

Watches and Jewelry, carefully repaired. Satiafaotio n
guaranteed.

Wholesale and Retail

FANCY AND STAPLE DHY GOODS,

(Oppoaite the Masonic Temple.)
WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT UP STAIKS.

d by Google .

niAKliESTON (JVll)E. 49

At the sound of the morning gun the two parties were put
in motion, at an assigned distance asunder of two hundred
yards. They moved down the King street road, till they had
passed the lines, when the British filed oflf to Gadsden's wharf,
where they embarked in boats which awaited them.

'*It was a grand and pleasing sight," says General Moultrie
in his memoirs, *'to see the enemy's fleet, upwards of three
hundred sail, lying at anchor from Fort Johnson to Five
Fathom Hole, in a curve line, as the current runs ; and what
made it more agreeable, they were ready to depart."

The reluctance of the one party to leave, and the impatience
of the other to succeed them in the possession of the city, led
the British, now and then during the march, to cry aloud to
General Wayne, that he was pressing too rapidly upon them.
On such occasions, the halt imposed upon the Americans was a
short trial of their patience.

Well might the Carolinians be impatient to behold those
dear homes from which they had been so long exiled. Wayne
moved forward, and halted on the south side of Broad street,
nearly opposite to Church. In the rear of the American
advance, came the Governor of the State, attended by General
Green, and escorted by two hundred calvary. His council,
and long troops of officers and citizens, followed on horseback.
Smiling faces and joyful voices saluted the deliverers as they
came. The balconies and windows were crowded with the
aged men, the women, and the children, who for nearly three
years had wept with apprehension and sorrow the absence and
the loss of dear sons, affectionate brothers, and warm friends.
Their tears now were those only of joy and triumph. "God
bless you gentlemen; God bless you, and welcome, welcome
home."

Such were the sweet words which hailed the long-banished
citizens, and the long-suffering soldiery of Green. In tears,

Digitized by VjOOQIC

PEOPLES' SAVINGS INSTI-
TUTION.

OFFIOE NO. 9 BEOAD STREET, IN THE PEOPLES'
BANK BTTILDING.

jg^* The only Institution that divides all the profits

AMONG its depositors.

President, James II. Wilson ; VicePrrsldent, AVm. Uffer-
hardt ; Secretary and Treasurer, Henry S. Griggs ; Solicitor,
B. B. Pressley.

TRUSTJEES:
Charles H. West, Sidney S. Howell, James B. Belts. Alex.
Lindstrom, John Ilanckel, C. L. Burakmeyer, Robert Adg^r,
J. H. Devereaux; J. C. H. Claussen, Zimmerman DaTis, AIvjv
Gage, Reuben Tomlinson, George Shrewsbury, G. I. Cun-
ningham, Wm. Aiken Kelly, P. J. Coogan. Samuel L. Ben-
nett, Orlando R. Levy, D. A. Amrae, Wm. Y. Leitch.

This institution receives any amount on deposit, and allows
six per cent. Tniei'est on all amounts from One Dollar
upwards.

In addition to the regular semi-annual dividends, all (he
profits are divided among its depositors Every Five Years,
dating from April, 1872.

Interest is paid semi-annually on the Third Wednesday of
April and October ^ but is allowed on all amounts deposited
quarterly, on or before the third Wednesday of January,
April, July and October,

All amounts deposited within the week in which the quar-
ter days occur will date from the third Wednesday.

Open every day (Sundays and general holidays excepted,)
from 9 A. M. to 2 o'clock, P. M. and on Saturday afternoon
from 5 to 7 P. M. in winter, and from fi to 8 o'clock P. M.
in summer.

d by Google

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 51

in silence, and on bended knees, the full hearts of the rescued
citizens found utterance that blessed day.

A. D. 1783. This year Benjamin Guerard, of Charlestown,
was made Governor of the State, and it was during his admin-
istration that the city was incorporated and called Charleston.
A. D. 1789. The State records were moved from this city
to Columbia, which town gradually becoming important, and
being centrally located was chosen as the capital of the State.
A. D. 1791. Is famous as being the year of the visit of the
Father of His Country, the great and good General Washington.
On leaving here for Savannah he was escorted by Governor
Vanderhorst, Generals Moultrie, Pickens, and most of the
eminent citizens of the State. In 1796 and 1799 the yellow
fever raged in Charleston, the victims being mostly foreigners.
A. D. 1812-30. During the war of 1812-15 except its effect
on commerce Charlestofi suffered but little; that little being
merely predatory excursions from ships blockading the harbor.
In the face of the danger, though precautionary means were
used, fortifications erected and measures of defence taken.
But the city was unmolested as far as warfare was concerned.
A. D. 1830. In 1830, James Hamilton, jr., of Charleston,
a distinguished lawyer, and a man of various abilities, who
had succeeded to William Lowndes as the representative for
Charleston, in Congress, was made Governor. He was an ardent
' opponent of the tariff laws; and, like a large proportion of
the chief men of South Carolina, urged their veto by the
sovereign interposition of the State. This period was
distinguished by the great debate in Congress, involving
organic topics of the Constitution — the rights of the States,
and the Confederacy, respectively; the one party (State rights)
claiming the Federal Union to be only a creature of the States,
with limited powers not subject to consideration; the other,
substantially asserting the control of the States by the

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STOVES*,

T. CAMPBELL, MEETING ST,

(OPPOSITE PAVILION HOTEL.)

The ex raorrlinary favor which this house has received
from the people of South Carolina and adjoining States,
prompts me to renewed efforts to keep constantly on hand
the Lai(jeU and BvM assortment of ("ookiug amJ. Heating
Stoves, Ranges, Grates, Tin Ware, &c., in the Southern
States.

Beginning the Stove Business in 18t58, with Only nine
Stoves, I am now selling annually over One Thomaud Stoves,
llange.s and Grates.

N. B. — I am now the Sole Agent for the Cclibratcd " Noble
fook Stove."

COUNTRY OKDEllS SOLICIT^:!).
_ T. XJAMPBELL^^

STEELE'S " HAT HALL."

jnm Sign of tlic Big Hat. ^B

Gouts' >?up(5rfi!ie Fashiomblo. Drc^B Benverg. S.l.
Geiirp Stiff Felt Hats — round, flat, luuh aiid low ornwiied.
iiU'.u'i Son Feit UatR— 5Uc , 75c , $1, $ .50. *?, V2 50, Sil. $4. $5.
JJoy.s' Soft Poll * ats and Cloth Cavs— SOc, 75., $1, $1.5i' to i2.
Meu'8 lluuMng. Travelling Buf»'.iJ<'«5s, Scotch and Hlot ( lotli tJapis.
Ladies' Fur t olla»'8, llppcts Muffs ; alt^o, tlisbCH' l-urs.
Men's and Boys' Straw Hat? in .-eason.
Military Felt hjats. and Jroraire ami Fatitjue Blue (aps
UmbreJiB— 75c., $i, $2, $2.50, $3, J3.50, 54, !t5. ?(>. $ 0,

ONE PRICE AND TERMS CASH.

"HA.T HALT '^

No. 318 Kine Street, Oharlestop, S. 0.

HTEKT^E'S "HA.T HALI^^

d by Google

CHARl.EHTON (lUII)E. 53

Congress, and repreacnting the Federal Union fttj a criMiture of
the people at large — of the whole < Confederacy. It seems proper,
in t4i>**j>laee, to show what whs the position taken by South

1. 8he contended that the bond of Union was a compact be-
tween the States, and called the (institution. 2. That thiH
was a compact between sovereign equals, in which they
pledged themselves to forbear the exercise of their sovereign
power over other ecpially specified objects, through the agency
of a general government. For external purposes, these
powers were to be exerted jointly; for internal purposes, or
State matters, to be exerted separately.

3. That the Federal Constitution was a compact jealously
devised; cautiously guarded by limitations and speciti cations,
conceding power to the general government only in certain
respects, which were all declared, and reserving all other
powers, not enumerated in the instrument, to the exercise of
the individual States.

i. That, in forming the Constitution, the States divested
themselves of none of their sovereignty; that the Constitution
is a power of attorney, under which the functionaries of the
general government, as the agents of the States, are to do the
duties assigned them by the paramount authority, the states.

5. That, as the Congress of the United States is but the
agent of the States, the refusal of the States, or any of them,
to recognise the laws passed by the Congress is an inherent
right of the principal. That it is an absurdity to talk of a
State rebelling against the general government. The superior
can not rebel against the inferior — the inferior against the
agent.

6. That each State has the right of a veto on any act of
Congress which it shall deem unconstitutional. The uncon-
stitutional laws are null and void ab initio.

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CITIZENS' SAVINGS BANK OF
SOUTH CAROLINA. ,•

NO. 8 BROAD STREET,

Incorporated by the State Legislature in February, 1800.

Wm. Martin, President; A. G. Brenizer, Casliier ; Daniel
Riivenel, Jr. Assistant Cashier ; B. H. Ruiledge, Soliciior.

This institution is designed for all classes in JIk* communi-
ty, thus enabling the industrious nnd frugal, by commencing
with saving a few dollars, to make a proviKion for times of
need.

Interest calculated by the month, and campoundcd and
declared quarterly.

The deposits of this Institution are invested und.»r the
management of the fodowing Local Finance ("onmitiee : —
Louis D DeSaussure, Cleland K. Huger, Edwarl N. Thurs-
ton, Dr. A. B. Rose, F. Melchers, Benjamin T Evans, C,
Wulbern.

Deposits of $1 and upwards received. Interest allowed
at the rate of six per cent, per annum, and compounded every
three months.

Collections in all parts of the State promptly attended to.

Office Hours Daily (Sundays and holidays excepted) from
9 A. M. to 2 P. M. and on Saturdays from C to 8 P. M. in
addition.

Remember that all money deposited in this Bank, on or
before the fifth day of each calendar month, will bear interest
at six per cent, for that month as if deposited on the 1st
instant.

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CHARLESTON (JUIDF. 55

7. That, in yirtiie of her sovereignt3% the State- is the judge
of her own rights, and is bound to her people to protect thcni
against the usurpations of Congress by nullifying the uncon-
stitutional law, and relieving her citizens from all obligations
to obey it. This is by nuU/Jiction, or the interposition of the
State veto, uttered in its sovereign capacity.

In South Carolina there was a large party opposed to the
extreme measures which were contemplated by the majority.
This party, claiming equally to be of the State-rights doctrine
with the party nullification — recognizing the right of secession
from the Confederacy on the part of a State no longer sure of
its rights within it — were yet incapable of recognizing the
right of nullification ; that is, the forbidding of one or more
laws of Congress while still remaining an integral port of the
Union. And in the local contests of parties, both became
heated to such a degree as to threaten the country with civil
war. Their respective numbers may be rated, that of the
nullification party at twenty thousand, that of the Union party
at fifteen thousand.

The leaders on both sides were remarkably-endowed men.
On the one side were arrayed such men as Calhoun, Hayne,
M'Duffie, Hamilton, Trumbull, Preston, Cooper, Hammond,
Harper, Smith (Rhett) Elliott, and many others equally
enthusiastic and perhaps able; on the other were Poinsett,
Huger, Pettigrew, Legare, Grimke, Lee, Drayton, Johnson,
Elliott, Memminger, Cunningham, Richardson, Perry, etc.

The nullification party was successful, triumphed every-
where at the ballot-box, and had the destiny of the State in its
hands. The rest rapidly followed. On the 17th of December,
1830, South Carolina made a formal decldration of State-rights
principles, and enacted an ordinance to nullify the operation
of the act of Congress imposing duties, etc.

General Andrew Jackson, then President of the United

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CHARLKSTON GUIDE. 57

States issnod, a proclamation denouncing; the ordinance of
nullification, and commanding the obedience of thecitizcne of
the State to the federal law. Ilayne, who had been succeeded
in the U. S. Senate by Calhoun, waa then GoTernor (1832.)
lie issued a counter manifesto, asserting the sovereignty of
the State, and the citizens prepared for resistance to tlio
authorities at Washington. But bloodshed was averted. A
compromise measure on the tariff, whereon had arisen the
«lifficulty, was introduced into Congress which satisfied Mr
Calhoun and the representatives from South (Wolina, and ilio
relations between the State and the Federal government woro
harmonized, thouji^h it was felt that the reunion was only
temporary, and it was even then asserted that very soon an
unrepairable rupture would occur between the State and the
United States government.

The intervening years between the nullification agitation antl
secession of 1861 passed quietly and smoothly by, broken only
by the ripple caused by the Mexican war. The city grew
and increased in wealth and importance, till in 18()0the popula-
tion was 40,522.

A. D. 1861. The causes which led to the late war cannot bo
difcussed in a work of this kind, but we are struck by the
remarkable uniformity of South Carolina's action, and the part
played by the citizens of Charleston in all the revolutions in
which they have been concerned. And it may with truth bo
said that in all struggles for the preservation of what are con-
ce<lcd to be the fundamental principles of a republican form
of government, the State and city have been foremost; their
people have, without exception, been the leading spirits.
Between the rebellion of 1776 an<l that of 18til great similarity
exists.

Several of the actors in this last are yet alive, and must be
struck with the resemblance of the measure.s adopted by their

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EQUIT^BLli]

LIFE INSURANCE SOCIETY,

OF THE UXIl'ED STATES.

No* 120 Broadway, New York.

Assets

Income,

Sum Assured (new business) 1871.

:o:

—All Cash.
Purely Mutuil, . . . .

. $20,000,000.m
. $8,000,0 0.00.
. $41,804,027,00.

Dividends Annually.

Eqnitablo Building, ■ - 20 Broa<l Street,

CHAELE3T0M,: S. 0.

Digitized by CjOOQIC

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 59

predecessors and thcmsclvcg for accompli shing prcnt and
similar events. In hoih cases a well-intentioned people,
alarmed for their rights, were roused to extraordinary exer-
tions for securing them. They petitioned, in a legal channel,
for a redress of their grievances; but that being reftised, they
proceeded to bolder measures. Before they took decisive
steps from which there was no honorable retreat, they both
cemented their union by an association generally signed
by the inhabitants. The physical force of government in all
cou^itries rests with the governed; but from the want of
union and concert, they often quietly submit to be ruled with
a rod of iron or make such feeble, injudicious efforts in the
cause of liberty as incur the penalties of rebellion ; instead of
gaining the blessings of a cliange for the better. The case
was otherwise in Carolina. In both revolutions, an honest
people engaged by a solemn agreement to support each other
in defence of their rights, and te yield obedience te the leaders
of their own appointment. When they had bound themselves
by the tie of an association, they seized their arms — took the
forts and magazines into possession — and assumed the direc-
tion of the militia, A new government, without confVision or
violence, virtually superseded the existing authority of the
proprietary governor in one case and of the United States
Congress in the other. The revolutioners, in both, respectfully
asked their former governors to join them ; but from principles
of honor and delicacy they declined. On their refusal they
became private persons, and the people proceeded without
them to organize every department of government by their
own authority. The popular leaders in one case called them-
selves a provincial congress, in the other a confederate govern-
ment; but in both, when the act of re volution was completed,
they passed laws in the usual manner — and by manifestoes,
justified their conduct to the world. In these proceedings

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CnARLESTON OUIBF. 61

neither faction nor party had any hand. The general
interests of the great, body of the people stood for the polar
star by which public measures were regulated.

On the 26th of December, 1860, Mi^or Robert Anderson
abandoned Fort Moultrie, and transferred the garrison under
his command to Fort Sumter. Before removing he spiked the
guns and destroyed the carriages.

That change of base threw the community into great
excitement, and embittered the feeling that had taken posses-
sion of the public mind. That act was looked upon as a
violation of faith on the part of Major Anderson, as up to the
evacuation of Fort Moultrie, there w;%3 a mutual agreement
bet ween South Carolina and the Federal Government, binding
hoth parties to refrain from acta of a hostile nature.

It is worthy of record that the first flag hoisted on the
ramparts of Fort Moultrie, was the Palmetto ensign of the
8tcamcr General Clinch, and M^or Anderson was the son-in-
Lvw of the distinguished Georgian for whom the steamer was
named.

On the 27th of December, Castle Pinckney and Fort
Moultrie were occupied by volunteer commands. The former
by the Rifle Battalion, under Col. J. J. Pettigrew, the latter by
the Washington Artillery, the German Artillery, the Lafayette
Artillery, and the Marion Artillery, under the command of
Colonel Wilmot G. DeSaussure.

At 12 o'clock on the 11th of April, General Beauregard
made a formal demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter
which was refused by Major Anderson, and Genei^l Beaure-
jipvrd proceeded to compel compliance with the demand he had
made.

At twenty minutes past four o'clock, on Friday morning,
April 13th, the battle was begun by Fort Moultrie. The boom
of those guns produced the wildest excitement. Hundreds of

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. (33

people passed the previous night on the battery, and on the
wharves that commanded a view of Sumter, and the other
batteries ; and when the startling sound broke upon the ear,
instantly the thoroughfares were thronged with men, women
ttnd children, rushing with breathless haste to the field or
strife.

Major Anderson replied to the guns of Moultrie with three
of his barbette guns, and then the battries on Gumming' s
Point, Mount Pleasant, Fort Johnson, and the Floating
Battery, opened a spirited fire of shot and shell.

This bombardment lasted forty hours. About three thous-
and shot and shell were fired at the fort, a large number of
which did execution. The attack and the defence were
marked by firmness, spirit and intrepidity ; and it ifl a fact
worthy to be remembered, that not one life was lost on either
side.

A. D. 1863, On Tuesday, 8th April, 1863, another import-
ant battle was fought, in the prolonged and valiant defence of
Charleston.

At two o'clock, in the afternoon, the Northern fleet advanced
clown the main ship channel, in two lines of battle, each
line composed of four monitors.

The first line advanced slowly toward the buoy about
fourteen yards from Fort Sumter, the Passaic taking the lead.

Fort Moultrie opened rapidly by battery on the leading
monitor. In a a few minutes the barbette battery on the east
face of Fort Sumter, commanded by Capt. Fleming opened.
At ten minutes past three Battery Bee, and Forts Wagner,
Beauregard, and the Battery on Gumming' s Point, joined in
the melee, and the engagement became general.

The first line steamed up one monitor after another
to the fort, remained under fire about thirty minutes, and retirei
content with the glory they hrtd won. ,,,,3,,,(^oogle

J. R. READ,

FOREIGN"

LAOES AND EMBROIDERIES,

FANCY ARTICLES^

CLOAKS AND SHAWLS,

263 Kirg Street, Charlestor, S. C.
CHASE & CUTTINO,

FASHIONABLE

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245 KING STREET,

(0P1»08ITE WAVEELY HOUSE.)

STOCK REPLENISHED WEEKLY.

P. X . CHASE, ) ( D V VIT; &. CUTTING.

Fonnerly with T. M. Bristol! k Co, [ \

Bio Boot Stobic. ) ( Form^r^^ ti^it^l^g.Whilden & Co.

CHARLESTON GUIDE. 65

Then the second line of monitors advanced, led by the
Keokuk. This splendid war-craft took her position within
nine hundred yards of Fort Sumter, which fort poured a
concentrated fire on the daring vessel, the other batteries
plying her with all vigor. She stood the storm manAiUy for
forty minutes, when she retreated so damaged, both in turrets
and hull, that making her way out of the fight with riddled
smokestack, and steam escaping from the holes in her sides,
she went down the next morning at her anchorage.

During the engagement the monitors fired ninety balls, only
aboat forty of which struck Fort Sumter. The Fort sustained
considerable damage. None were killed.

Nearly the whole of Morris Island was captured by the
Federals on July 10th, and this was followed by two unsuc-
cessful attempts to take Battery Wagner, in which after
suffering terribly in killed and wounded the Northern troops
were compelled to fall back ; but it wa^ on the 18th of the
same month that the most bloody struggle for the possession
of the Battery took place, in which the Confederate forces
held their own, and lost only one hundred to the attacking
party's fifteen hundred.

Early in August, the enemy opened fire on Sumter, from a
battery of Parrot t guns, distant two miles and five-eights
from the fort. The steady and effective cannonading was
maintain od at regular intervals, until the grand old fort was
abandoned. Its successful defence is an achievement that
reflects immortal glory on the intelligence, skill, perseverance
and valor of all who shared its dangers and difficulties.

On Friday night August 21st General Q. A. Gilmore
demanded the surrender . of the fort, threatening in
default of compliance to bombard the city, and allowing only
four hours for a reply, General Gilmore' s communication was
received by General Beauregard at nine o'clopj^^^p^gl^day

A NATIONAL SAVINGS BANK.

PREEDMAFS SAVINGS AND TRUST

COMPANY,

The only Savings Bank < barter d by the United Stages GoyemmMit.
has 33 Branches. $3,850,000 on Deposit, Dividea all ihe profits with
the depositors lud pays six per cent, cotupoond interest Interest com-
menced the first day of every month. Cn&XLiSffr n BniLNOH, 74 Broa<l
Street Office hours from 9 A. M. to 4 P. fii. Saturday evenings from
5 to 8 to receive deposits. £(atuan BrrrKm Cushier.

J. W. AIjFobd, President • 1). L. Eatow, Actua ry.

D"XlJ TAL MAGE'S S~0~N~S^

ADGER'S WHARF,

CHARLESTON, S- C»

John F. Tiklaiage. Vun Nest Tuloiagc.

108 Water Street, New-York,

BAIVKIER-S & CJEJ-OriERS,
No. 31 BROAD STREET,

CHARIiESTON, SO. GA.

' Gko. L. lIoLMBS. Key Box 44. Albx. Macbktu.

STOCK AND RK&L ESTATE BROKERS,

NO. 27 BBOAD STBEET.

CHARLESTON, S, C.

. PlSCKSKlt LOWSDBS. BSBKLEI GRlMBALt.

Digitized byVjOOgie /'

CnARLESTON GUIDE. G7

but betweeu one and two o'clock that moruiug, the Northcrnera
opened fire on the city, and tlirew thirteen eight-inch shells,
at intervals of about fifteen minutes. One shot struck the
store of G. W. Williams & Co., at the corner of Church and
Uayne streets, doing some damage to the building, and setting
fire to some loose straw. The fire caused no little excitement,
but it was easily put out.

Those shells were thrown from a battery located in the
marsh between Morris Island and Black Island over five miles
from Charleston.

That was the beginning of a bombardment prolonged
through many weary months. There were thousands of shells
thrown into, the city from the batteries on Morris Island, but
though many buildings were struck,. few lives were lost, and
the damage done was far from being an equivalent for the
vast sum of money the shelling cost.

The Federal success on the 10th July, made it evident that
Morris Island must eventually fall into their hands. ltd
defence had been marked by resolution and valor that reflects
undying fame on the men who shared the dangers of that
memorable campaign.

After maintaining the defence for forty-eight days, Morris
Island was evacuated Sunday night, September 6th, 1863.

There were many spirited contests on the Islands and
around the defences of Charleston in 1863 and '64, the last
of which of great importance was that of John's Island, which
took place on July 9th, 1864, in which the Southerners gained
a decisive victory.

From the battle of John's Island to the day upon which
Charleston was evacuated, no event of special interest occurred.
The hostile gun continued to play upon the batteries and the city,
killing and wounding and setting fire, but without accomplish-
injr any end at all commensurate with the immense outlay of

^ ^ Digitized byX^OOgle^

GEO. A. TRENHOLM & SON.,

NO. I BROAD ST.,

IMC bi«,oh:^ivts.

Orders executed, iDvestments mude and negotiations oon-
ducted on commission, at home and abroad.

Advances made on consignments.

Information obtained and furnished as to Foreign Markets
and Southern Resources.

GiNSRAL AgSNTS FOB

J. B. SABDY A SON'S,

COMMKRCIAL FkRTILIEBBS AND

SOUTH CA&OLINA PHOSPHATES.

Manufactured at the Wappoo Mills, Ashley River, Charles-
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Importers and Sole Agents in Southern Slates for

PORTLAND CEMENT,

Messrs. J. B. White Bros., London.

SILICATE PAINTS,

The Silicate Paint Co., Liverpool.

IMPERIAL MANURES,

Messrs. Griffiths, Bettisou'a & Co., LijrerpoQl.

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CHARLESTON GUIDE'. G9

skill, labor, perseverance and money. The end at last was
attained. The goal was reached and the prize won. Charles-
ton was evacuated on the 17th February, 1865.

The Federals took possession of the works around the city,
but not until after they were abandoned. Every effort they
made to accomplish that end had been frustrated. The battles
fought on the land, had resulted in defeat. Fort Sumter was
torn to pieces by shot and shell. Day and night, for many
months, the storm of battle smote and shook ita walls, until
tkeir strength and symmetry was so marred, it pained the
heart to behold it !

Following is the official correspondence between the Mayor
of the city and Lt. Col. Bennett, in command of the Federal
forces near the city.

~ To the General Commanding the Army of the U. S at Morris
Island : —

Sir: — ^The military authorities of the Confederate States
have evacuated this city. I have remained to enforce law, and
preserve order, until you take such steps as you may think
best,

Very respectfully,

Your x>bedient servant,
(Signed,) CHARLES MACBETH,

Mayor.
Head Qua., U. S. Fokces, Charleston Harboe,

North Atlantic Wharf, Feb. 18, 1865.
Mayor Charles Macbeth :

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your commu*
nication of this date. I have in reply thereto, to state that
the troops under my command will render every possible assis-

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l\ VON SANTEN,

IMrORTER OF

FINE FANCY GOODS,

Toys, Dollsi Oamos, Ohildren's Oarriages, Frenoli Oonfeo-
tionery, Firo Works, India Eubbar Goods,

8UUU ASCLOTIIINa, NUI13EU7 SHEEIINQ. &c,

22^ KING STREET, 2 doors abovo Market,
CHARLESTON, S. C-

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CHARLEPTON OUIDE. il

fancc to your well-disposed citizens in cxtingnisliing the fires
now burning.

I have the lienor to be, Mayor,

Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
(Signed,) A. 0. BENNETT,

Lieut Col. Commanding U. S. Forces, Charleston.
The navy took possession of Fort Moultrie and Castle Pinck-
ney, and a volunteer party of ten men from Morris Island
planted the U. S. flag on Fort Sumter.

The city is recovering from the 'effects of the bombardment
and the scars of war are being rapidly effaced. Energy is
marking the transaction of busine«?3; new enterprises are being
started daily, and the near future of the city is a bright one,
the brighter for the gloom from which it is emefging. The
advertisements in this book may be taken as an indication of
what the business prospects are; though but comparatively
few of the business houses are included owing to want of e^ace ;
they are the best and the rest are many and scarcely behind.

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DEALBB IN

WIKSOW ©USVAISS,
Fandttire Coverings, Lace Curtains & Window Dec-
orations, Piano and Table Covers, Window
Shades and Hollands, .
PAPER HANGINGS AND DECORATIONS,

MATTRB88E8 MADE TO OrDBB AMD RkPAIRRD.
LounffOB and Ohain npliolstored on Beasonable Torma, at

OPPOSITE WAVERLY HOUSE.
Wm. P. Ravenel. ' Wm. P. Uolmes. G. S. Coffin.

RAVENEL, HOLMES & CO.,

COMMISSION MERCHANTS.

Agents of Steamers for Savannah, Beaufort, George
town, and the Pee Dec and Santee Rivers.

CHARLESTON, S. fi.

Digitized by VjOOQlC

CHARLESTON CIUIDE. 73

CHARLESTON.

PART II.
DESCRIPTIVE.

The city of Charleeioii it sUuated in Latitude 82<>, 46^ 88^^
North, and Longitude 70°, 65^, 88'< West from Greenwich. It
is 125 miles, S. S. £. from Columbia, the capital of the State ;
110 miles from Savannah ; 165 miles from Wilmington ; 547
miles from Washington ; 587 miles from Baltimore ; 684 miles
from Philadelphia ; 778 miles from New York, and 989 miles
from Boston.

The corporate, limits of the city extend from the Battery, or
White Point, on the extreme southern verge of the city
to an arbitrary line on the North. It includes within thes
limits an area which, according to the usual mode of building, in
northern cities would contain from three hundred thousand to
four hundred thousand people. The city is laid out with tol-
erable regularity. The streets, with few exceptions, cross at
right angles. Two of the principal. King and Meeting, run
North and South, nearly parallel the whole length of the city
but converge to an intersection about three miles out. Meet-
ing street is a fine broad avenue over sixty feet in width hav-

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Tbe Baltimore and Cbarleston Rail-
road Corapany's line of

FIRST CLASS STEAMERS.

FALnON « Capt Johnf. Haynie.

8KA OULL « apt. N P. Dittou.

MABTLXND , <)a t. J V. Johnsm.

Through Bills LMiiag to aod from Balttm >re and tho Woat and North
wost, vi:i Charleston and Kaltimort?, ( olumbiv, Augusta, Alilt^dgf-villi^
i^tlanta, West Point, Marlett^ Ctiattanooga, B me, Semv Vicksban.%
Montgomray, Mobile, < 'heater, <3harlotte. N. C, At»hville, N. C , Flor-
ence, Daihngton. Society Hill, rheraw; and all stations on tte loilow-
iiig U4ilr tfuU: Soath Oaroliaa, Georjia. Northeostoru, harlotte, (^olnra-
h'a and Aur^st.i, GUeraw and Darlingtoa, Groenvillo and V)la!iil)1a.
Also, malco cIo$*e connections with Stea.u Lines to all poiuJB in Fioriila,
(riving ihrou^^'h Bills Lading to Fenandlna J lOkBonville. I'tOaCtka, ioiti^r-
liriso, c. Also to Bo ton and Philadelphia Freight to rhe latter city
. fotwarde 1 by r-iilroa^l from Baltim re without additio al insurance una
r.o:isiguee8 are allowed ample tm-? to sample and shU their (JkKx^s from
the Kailroud Dopot in Philadelphia.

For Freight or possago having goorl accoramodntions apply to
PAUL C. TBET5H0LM, Agoit,

No. 2 Union Whaivos.
Hf^ Bates always lo-v as any other route, Agents ih Baldmore: MOR-
PE !aI & OJ. ill .niarlestoa. MOBDB JAI k 00., and PAUL <\ TUIiN-
UOLM.

PAULC. TRENHOLM,

Rhipp'ng and Commission Merchant, and A pent of the Baltimore
Steamer^: orders for Ooi ton. Rice, Naval Ktorcs an.i LumMtsr promptly
rx»»cutrd. Naval Stores a specialty. Iso 2 UNIO.^ WHvBViis.
CIIABLESION. F. <3.

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OHARLFSTON OUIDB. 75

ing on it most of the public buildings and a good proportion of
the wholesale trade. East Bay street is the centre of the
wholesale trade, however, in eyerything but dry and fancy
goods and leather. Broad street is mostly occupied by the deal-
ers in stocks and the banking and insurance houses, and law-
yers' offices. King street, too narrow for its uses, is the fieush-
lonable shopping street. The cross streets extend fh>m the
Ashley to the Cooper rivers, ftx)m East to West, and viewed
from a strict hygienic stand — point, are too narrow for health,
though the opinion of the people one hundred years ago, when
they were laid out, preferred narrow to wide streets as afford-
ing shade and as giving more volume and force to the progress
Qf the breeze. The houses in the city are mostly of brick or
•Wood, there being but comparatiyely few of stone. Charleston
exhibits a peculiar taste in architecture. It is like no other
city in the Union in this respect. No people could be more
individual or independent of one another. There are few reg-
ular rows or blocks of buildings. There is no such thing as
uniformity in shape or fitting. Each man has built after his
own taste and there are some singular emanations of fancy ; but
what is lost in regularity is gained in variety, and with fine
gardens, open plots of shrubbery, shade and fruit trees, the
beech and orange, creepers, vines, the rich foliage 9f the mag-
nolias, the oak, the cedar, the Pride of India, girdling the
white dwellings and the green verandahs, the effect is grateful
and liighly picturesque.

There are but few public squares in Charleston, and what
there are, are generally small ; there is less need for them
here than in cities where a large proportion of the private
dwellings are crowded, together for in this city mo.st of the
houses of the better class may be said to have each its square.
City Hall Squarl is insignificant ; Citadel Square is a moder-
ately large parade ground, and in the upper parts of the city

Digitized by CjOOQ IC

VIA SAVANNAH TWICE A WEEK,

THE SPLENDID STEAMERS.

DICTATOR Captain Coxetter.

CITY POINT, Captain McMillan.

WILL 8A1L AS FOLLOWS .'

The DICTATOR will leave Charleston every Tuesday
Evening, at 8 o'clock.

The CITY POINT on every Friday Evening, at 8 o'clock.
FOR FEllNANDINA.

JACKSONVILLE,

PALATKA,
AND ALL LANDINGS ON ST. JOHN'S RIVER.
These Steamers connect with Rail Ro.id at Toooi for St.
Augustine, and at Jacksonville with Sieanier Starlight "fdr
Mellonville, Enterprise, and all Ijinding^ on Upper St. John's
and at Palatka with Steamers for the Oklawaha River.

Close connection is also made with Steamships at Cedar
Keys for New Orleans and Havana/ shippers can rely on do
detention of freights to New Orleans, an l at lowest rates.

For Freight or Passage, having first-class accommodations
apply to

BAVENEL & CO., Agents,

Corner Yanderhorst's Wharf aud East Bay.
' Through Bills of Lading given to New Orleans.
These Steamers connect with Steamer SAN ANTO*
NIO, at Savannah, for Dirien, Brunswick, Satilli River and
all intermediate landings. Freights prepaid for these
pointij here.

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 77

there are several small enclosures equal to a block each which
are attractive though not much frequented.

The city is resorted to in summer as a watering place by the
people of the country, less now than before the war, and those
who do come spend most of their time on Sullivan's Island of
which more anon.

The city covers a considerable extent of territory, more
than its number of inhabitants would seem to imply as in other
cities, in consequence of the suburban character of so many of
its residents. The dwelling houses of the wealthy and the old
families are • generally isolated having large open grounds on
every side which are cultivated in gardens. Rare exotics, the
finest fhiits, the peach, the nectarine, the orange fill these
spaces and, with the vine, impart a rich tropical character to
the aspect of the abodes, which in themselves may be neither
large nor magnificent. Ample piaszas and veraifdahs ranging
from one to three stories give coolness and shade to the dwelling.
The fire of 1861 destroyed many of the largest business blocks
and private dwellings but enough are left to indicate the char-
acter of the whole city and show what it will be when trade
prospering under the influence of peace and the development
of the great resources of the country build the city again and
restore it to its antebellum splendor. Railroads emerging from
the city pass into the heart of the State, penetrate the moun-
• tainous re^on and with their numberless branches form con-
nections with the neighboring States of North Carolina, Geor-
gia, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi. Uence it is that
Charleston is destined to be one of the greatest, if not the
greatest, mart in all the South for the great staples, cotton,
rice, tobacco, indigo, grain, bacon, wheat, tar, pitch, turpen-
time, and to a great degree, for vegetables and fruits with
which, through steamships, she supplies New York aod other
northern cities. In the immediate vicinity are grown tJie fine

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THE SOUTH CAROLINA

Seed and Agricultural Warehouse,

353 KING STREET,

WOODt TIN, WILLOW WARE AND

HOUSE FURITI8HIIT6 GOODS IN

VARIETY-

Successors to Landreth & Ca

Northeastern Railroad Company.

Trains will leave CbarlestoQ Daily at 10.15 A. M. and 6.00
P. M.

Arriye at Charleston 1.30 A.M. (Mondays excepted) and
2.45 P. M.

Train does not leave Charleston 5.60 P. M, Sunpats.

Train leaving 10.15 A. M. makes through connection to New
York, via Richmond and Acquia Creek only, going through
in 44 hours.

Passengers leaving by 5.00 P. M. train have choice of rou^e,
via Richmond and Washington, or via Portmouth and Balfi<«
more. Those leaving Friday by this Train lay over on Sun-
day in Baltimore. Those leaving on Saturday remain Suk-
DAY in Wilmington, N. C.

This is the cheapest, quickest and most pleasant route to
Cincinnati, Chicago and other points West and Northwest,
both Trains making connections at Washington witli Western
Trains of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

S. S. SOLOMONS.
Engineer and Superintendent.

P. L. CLEAPOB, Oen'l Ticket Agent.

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CnARLESTON GUIDE. 79

cotton of th« aea islands and the largest rico crops of the United
States.
Among the sights in Charleston the most renowned is

FORT SUMTER.

This renowned ruin, situated at the entrance of our beauti-
ful harbor between Morris' Island, and Sullivan's Island, and
known throughout the civilized world on account of its connec-
tion with the late civil war and the important part it played in
its inauguration, dates its foundation back to nullification
times. Ite history until the latter period was only interesting
to the parties engaged in its construction. It was built after
the old style of casemated brick forts and was arranged for
three tiers of guns, two in casemates and one in barbette.
The points connected with M%jor R. Anderson's strategic
movement, when transferring his little command flrom Fort
Moultrie to Sumter, are still flresh in the minds of all and the
bombardment on the 12th, and 18th of April 1861, and Migor
Anderson's conditional surrender on the 14th, after a brave
and stubborn defence, are matters of history. For a couple of
years the Confederates held undisputed possession and during
this time they greatly strengthened the inside with sand bags
and f&scines. On April 6th, 1863, Sumter was a second time
bombarded, this time by the Union iron dads, Weehawken,
Passaic, Montauk, Patapsco, New Ironsides, Catskill, Mantuo-
ket, Nahant and Keokuk, under the command of Admiral
Dupont, with an unimportant result. When General Gilmore
took command of this Department he felt the necessity of occu-
pying Morris Island ; a combined naval attack gained him a
footing on the south end, but here he found his advance re-
tarded by the guns of Sumter. He consequently built several
heavy batteries, and on their completion in conjunction with
the iron dads he opened an irregular bombardment on the
obstacle on August 18th, 1863, which continued until the

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8«

JOBBHIt Ain> DBAUEB IM

TOYS. TBlMMINGf) AVD PAN(7Y OOODS. FANCY OBINA, MUSICAL

INSTRUMENTS AND STBINOS, ZEPU YB WOB&TEDS, BAB-

KETS. GLASS SHADES.

AIbo Southern Asent for

W. H. CoBE ( 33 Chatham Ht. , N . Y.) Show Cases.

844 KING STREET.'
CIIA-RLESTOISr, S, O

II I It /V m: h a r. r. I h ,

ei HASEL STREETt
(Opposite Southern Express Office.)
On the rout« between the Hoteli and Kin); Street
Every description of Bookbinding execntod nt this oflioe.
Names engraved on Cooks, travelling c-ises, etc , in iho
host Hlylo.

WILLIAM a HASTU! & SON.

43 BROAD STREET,
CHAItl^ESTOlV, SO. CA.

. HOMOEOPATHIST. -
Office No. 70 HASEL STREET.

5 w* <»»•

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 81

24th, of the same month when General Gilmore reported Sum-
ter •* a shapeless mass of ruins.'* Though occupied after that
date it was no longer of use- to the Confederates, as the batte-
ries on Morris Island completely covered it. Its appearance
after its evacuation on February 17th, 1865, was ruinous in the
extreme; the sides facing Morris Island and the sea were almost
totally demolished, most of the casemates had filled in and the
interior was filled with loose brick, and shot and shell, of all
sizes. Strong as it was supposed to be, at the breaking out of
the rebellion, a two days bombardment, f^om a few hastily
constructed batteries, brought its first garrison to terms and a
seven days irregular fire from land and sea, left it in '*a shape-
less mass.'* This is a brief outline of the war history of Sum-
ter. The jagged marks of war are now, however, being rapid-
ly oblit^erated, CJolonel Ludlow, an engineer of great experi-
ence, superintends the reconstruction and he is determined to
push the work as rapidly as possible. It will retain its old
shape, but in future it will rank among «* heavy water batte-
ries ;* the outside wall will be rebuilt at a height ranging
from thirteen to twenty six feet ; above this a heavy earthen
parapet will be constructed, which will slope off at a c^sidera-
blc angle on the inside ; on this parapet at regular intervals,
well protected, four two hundred pound Parrot rifled ani nine
fifteen inch smooth bore guns will be mounted, the present
dock and Sallyport will be removed and a new entrance will be
constructed on the west side. Relic hunter^s can reach the
Fort, any day, in sail boats from Southern Wharf. The most
commodious of these little crafts in the sloop yacht Annie,
whose accommodating Captain can always be fou^d at the last
named wharf. The fort is at present in charge of Ordinance
Sergeant James Kearney who offers every facility to strangers.

FORT MOULTBIB AND VICINITY.

This renowned fortress on Sullivan's Island, though still a

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JOHNSTON,GR£WS £ CO.,

IMPORTERS AND WIIOLESALi: DEALERS IN

STAPLE AND FANCY

33RYOOOI38,

41 HAYNE STREET,

@lf ARLiif ®il« S. IS«

A. S. Johnston, J. M. Brawley,

A. J. CrSWS; as. J. l^EBRY,

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CHAIILKSTON QUIDB. 83

fori, is quite a rain. The walls still stand, and the fUmace
for heating shot, and there are a few cannon mounted, but
the barracks are all gone. It is truly a melancholy sight to
gaze upon the wreck of a fortification standing dilapidated
upon a spot where so much* glory has been won. At the
northern outlet of the fort attention is arrested by a modest
iron railing surrounding a grave over which stands a marble
•lab bearing the name of Osceola. Here rest the remains of the
celebrated chief of the Seminoles who remained a half hostage
half prisoner from the conclusion of the Seminole war in
Florida to the time of his death in the fort; not in close
confinement for he was allowed to wander over the island.
Some admirers of his noble character and lofty patriotism
have erected the humble memorial over his remains. Extend-
ing from the fort down to the beach was a line of petty forts
or earthworks the site of which is yet distinct. The first of
importance ia Fort Beauregard, a common earthwork, but
somewhat improved in strength since it was first manned by
the Vigilant Rifles, in the spring of 1861. There are no guns
on the fort now, and its peaceful appearance is still further
increased by the Surf House, which has been erected sinco
the close of the war for the accommodation of visitors to the
island. In front of Fort Beauregard is the most beautiful
part of Sullivan's Island beach. It is a wide and almost level
strip of hard white sand, with a few sea shells scattered here
and there over its surface. Years ago the shells were numer-
ous, and many of them of rare .beauty, but for a long time
they have been scarce, whether because of their being carried
oflf by visitors, or on account of the increase of steam naviga-
tion in the harbor, it is difficult to tell, but probalAy both these
causes have combined with others to diminish the number of
shells on the beach. Towards the eastern end of the island
is the Myrtles, and near by the old battery which used to be

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NO 34 WENT WORTH STUEET,
GHAKLESTO^f, S. G.

New and cffloacions treatment of

RHEUMATISM AND NE1TB ILGIA.

In <»11 othor arthritio complsints,aB rhenmati8m.goat,nmiralpia,&R.. this
practice is almost perfect. The most intense {lains are almost instantly
r<'lieved, enormons swellings are reduced, limbs wMch have been con-
tracted and hHtttar years are relaxel. Oase<} of twenty, thirty aud forty
years* standing hnye been cured by me after all other mei^ns have fiiilod.
A greU accomplishment is my triumph over pain by which I can often
in a few moments, soothe and carry off the most excruciating sufferings.
If this system did nothing more than to relieve pain, it would stand su-
perior to any other system extant. Thousands suffer from that moat
annoying, disagreeable and offensive complaint. Catarrh, without know-
ing what it is. Often the seereted mucous, flowing down the throat,
olqgs up the lungs and lays the foundation for const^mption. The most
skillful physicians fidl to cure it. * I cure any oase of obstruction stopped
up head, discharges of greenish, thick, thin, or glairy muoous from the
iiose, internal or external pain or fulluv^ss between the eyes, constant
blowing of thonose, inflamm ition of thQ nai*! passag.is, ulceration of
Bchuciderian membrane^ &o., in the course of a few days.
DEAFNESS,

I am dally treating all affeoMons of the ear with fhe most gratiMng
results. Some who paid anrists nearly f 1000 without be..efit have been
cured by me in a few weeks at a moderate expense.
MEEOUBI\L DTSBASES.

Mercury, injndidonsly used, has filled the earth with wrecks of hu-
manity. Thousands suffer from its effects who have been unconsciously
drugged by thefr physician. It is Vain to attempt the cure of the majority
of diseases while it remains in the body. Although I have heard of sev-
eral so-called antidotes for mercury in the human body, I have never yot
seen a phygieian who could eliminate it fW>m the system. Ic&n mttisfy
any patient or physician that I can absolutely abstract mcroury,lbad,ainc,
and other mineral poisons in every case.

OANOEBS.

Every description of Cancer and Tumor, I treat with the greatest suc-
cess. After the Charlatans styling themselves « Cancer Doctors," have .
given up Cancers and they are pronounced incurable I never fail to
make a permanent cure. Hv terms for treating CanciDrs are based on the
age and condition of the patient.

Office hours from 9 A. M, to 7 P. M.

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 85

manscd by the Washington Light Infantry in 1861. is a fine
view of the open sea, and Drunken Dick Shoals and Long
Island. Just back of this is the old camping ground of
Pettigrew's Rifle Regiment at the time of the first bombard-,
ment of Fort Sumter. The houses on the island are generally
small, even when they attain the dignity of two stories,
although there are several that are of respectable
size and appearance, especially in the neighborhood of
Fort Moultrie. Sullivan's Island, with its mementoes o?
of peace, its relics of war, its gradually returning prosperity,
upon the Very confines of an uncertain ocean, is a condensed
epitome of the whole Southern country and its unfathomable
future.

The steamer Pocosin, Captain Gannon, makes several trips
daily from the Market street wharf, and visitors can set their
minds on being courteously treated and well cared for while
in transit to and from the island.

morris' island.

On the wide, white beach at Gumming' s Point, where were
the Mortar Battery and Stevens' Iron-Clan Battery, we sec
a large earthwork, the remains of <<Fort Putnam." Two or
three one-hundred pounder Parrot guns arc bearing on the
city, and are placed at an elevation of almost forty-five
degrees ; a few more guns are pointing in the derection of. -.
Sullivan's Island, and a stockade fence divides Fort Putnam .
from the marsh, and an old flag staff still stands but b6'ars no
colorsi ' In strolling up the old military road one passea a,
continuous series of fortifications, resembling Fort Putnam in
almost every respect for about a half a mile. At length we
come to Battery Wagner. That fort now consists only of two ^
high sand walls, extending entirely across the island, which is
here very narrow, joined by a short wall on the sea side, and
the embankment is higher on the sea side than elsewhere. In*

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FOGAETIE'S BOOE DEF0SIT0E7.

SCHOOL BOOKS, CLASSICAL BOOKS,
Sunday Scl\ool Library Books,

eCHOOli CABBg» BIBUBS^ HTHH BOOKS^

Misoellaneons and Theological 6ooks>
JUVENILE BdOKS,

And a general Assortment of

SCHOOL AND IdSCSLLANEOITS STATI017ES7.

N.B. — Books will be sent to any pa'it of the country by Mail
or* Express, frebof hxtba chaboe, on receipt of Publisber's
price.

900 TS.TTSCt STREET,

(in the bknd),

CHARLESTON, 8. C.

WILLIAM G. WHILDEN,

WATCHES, JEWELRY, SILVER WARE,

CS0CZEB7, CHINA Al^D GLASSWABE,

PerMMiB roaidini; oat rf the City, oao have tbclr orders carcfnll; fiUed
and all iufornuUI n as to qiuUty and price given.

d by Google

C1IARLE8T0N (JUIDE. 87

front of the fort is a large canal, now dry, and not very deep,
but which was probably much deeper and filled with water
when the battery was built.

The appearance of Morris' Island, in front of Battery
Wagner, has much changed. The houses have all disappeared,
and the hill on which they stood has disappeared also.
Vinegar Hill, the old encampment of the Irish Volunteers,
and in fiftot the island is a perfect flat up to the old sand hills
where the Lighthouse used to stand. Just across Lighthouse
Inlet is Folly Island, where Gilmore erected his
battery, and thus gained a march on his antagonists that was
never recovered. A walk back to Gumming' s l*oint along the
beach gives one an opportunity to enjoy a fine sea view and
to pick up sea shells which are quite plentiful. Morris'
Island beach is in every way more attractive than that of
Sullivan's Island; it is wider, whiter, dryer, commands a
better view of the ocean, and has a greater variety of shells.
A walk on Morris' Island is as pleasant an episode in an
afternoon's sail as would be furnished by any locality of the
harbor. ^

ABOUT THE HARBOR.

Nearest the city, is Castle Pinokney, with its unscarred
earthworks, bristling cannon, and neatly finished barracks.
It played an unimportant part in the war.

Somewhat farther, almost in mid-channel, are the crumbling
ruins of Fort Ripley, a small but powerful earthwork, built
during the war, on an artificial foundation, to protect the city
from any advance of the enemy's shipping. It is now in a
•very dilapidated condition, and entirely dismantled. Beyond
that are the green banks of James' Island, on which stand the
remains of Fort Johnson, from which the first shell of the
war was thrown. On the left Mount Pleasant and Christ

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PAVILIill HOTEL.

CHARLESTON, S. C.

(3-. T. A-XjIPOI^^ID & CO.

iFL. i3:.A.:]N/£ii-jTo:isr,

rBll80N8 VISITING CUAaLESTUN SHOULD NUT FAIL
TO VISIT

HOUSTON'S

EXCELSIOR OHROMO-FEEROTYPE
339 KING STREET.

The finest Art Gallery in the Southern Stntes. Up only
one flight. QKnflemanly and ezperieuoed Operators always
in attendance. Instructions given in the art and outftts
furnished, also Photographic Stock of every description for
sale.

FRANK K. HOUSTON, Artist

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CnAULEfc'TON auiDE. 89

Church, tho bluo wvtors of the Wanlo aal Cooper, aud the
upper wharves of the city complete the circle.

MOUNT PLEASANT.

Walking up the wharf, the words are seen "Mount Pleasant
Headquarters, "^ painted in large, black letters on the side of a
whitewashed house. On the left is the lot left vacant by the
burning of the Mount Pleasant Hotel, a short time before the
.commencement of the war, which is still unocQupied, and has
become so grass-grown that, being altogether unenclosed,
there is now no sign that it ever was the site of a handsome
building.

Perhaps the most interesting spot in th(J little village, and
the one that will attract most visitors, is the
soldiers' burying ground.

It contains about an acre of ground in an elevated situa-
tion, and here lie buried not only the remains of Confederates
and Federal soldiers who died or were killed during the late
war, but also those of the State troops who died during the
war of 1812. To the memory of these last a monument was
erected many years ago, whi^ still stands, and, though in a
somewhat dilapidated condition, is the most conspicuous
object in the burial ground. It is built of brick, and the
upper part is a pyramid, which rests on a square foundation,
on two of the sides of which marble slabs have been let in,
wMle the other two have been covered with white plaster to
resemble the marble. One of the slabs bears the following
inscription: **0n the 18th of June, 1812, thO' United States
of America declared war against Great Britain. At the first
sound of the trumpet, the patriot soldiers who sleep beneath
this monument flew to the standard of liberty. Here they
fell beneath the scythe of Death. The sympathies of the

d by Google

D. F. Fleming. Sani'l. A. Nelson. Jurors M. Wilson

0. F. FLEIIIIN6 A CO.,

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

BOOTS, SHOES AND TRUNKS,
No. 2 HAYNE STREET,

(CORNKR OF CUUllCH.)

No pains have been spared in endearorlng to render our
large assortment of Goods attractive and desirable ; and
nothing has been left undone, that long experience and assid-
uity could suggest, to deserve a share of your patronage.

Having perfected arrangements by which we receive our
goods DiRBOT from the manufacturers, ensure our customers
he great advantiige of purchasing them at the very lowest
rates and of the most desirable siscs.

In prices and quality we believe 4hey will compare favora-
bly with any other stock in this city or elM»where. We shall
be pleased to olfer these Goods for your inspection, at any
time you may favor us with a call.

All orders will have our careful and prompt attention.
Yours, respectfully;

D. F. FLEMING & CO.

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 1)1

brave, the tear of the stranger, and the slow dirges of the

camp attended them to their tomb:

* ''How Bloep the brave who sink to rest,
With all their cotuitry's wishes bloat,
The hrarel leaf of bhlnixi^ green
Will still uoTmd their tomb bo seen/ "

On the other side is the following inscription bearing the
names of those who rest beneath :

•'Sacred to the memory of Sergeants llUman, Goodrich,
and Adam C. Spencer; also, of William Aarant, David
Rutland, John Williams, John A. Placide, Thomas Madden,
William McLellan, Henry Kilgore, John Taylor, John Bruce,
and Harris Lancaster, private soldiers of the 8d regiment of
State troops."

Scattered irregularly around this monument are the graves
of some fifty or sixty Confederate soldiers, without a head
board, and, in some cases, without even a mound to mark the
last resting place of men who poured out their blood in de-
fence of their country.

FORTIFICATIONS,

Of these not much can be said. At the eastern extremity
of Mount Pleasant, is an earthwork green with grass, which
was once mounted with two guns. This took part in the
bombardment of Fort Sumter in 1861, and Captain Johnson,
afterwards Lieutenant Colonel Johnson, of the Hampton Legion,
supported the battery with his company of volunteers. The
battery was never again in action, and CoL Johnson only
once — at the first battle of Manassas — where he fell gallantly
leading his men into the foremost of the fight At the other
end of the village there is also a small earthwork, but it was
never mounted. Some five or six miles ftwm the village is a
long line of breastworks, extending from the Wando River to
the seashore. Although without any important fbrtifications,
Mount Pleasant was, during the whole war, a depot for troops,

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92 CUARLESTON GUIDE.

and for stores. The present Mount Pleasant House was used!
as a hospital. From Haddrell's Pointy the" extreme east end
of Mount Pleasant, ran a military bridge to Sullivan's Island.
This bridge was frequently shelled from the Yankee batteries
on Morris' Island. It is a fact worthy of note that the first, or
certainly, the second shell thrown into Charleston, struck in
Broad Street, opposite the large building then, and now,*
occupied by the extensive establishment of Walker, Evans &1
Cogswell. This large Stationery, Printing and Binding House 1
has been established since' 1832 and is an institution of the^
city, worthy of all. support and encouragement. It is the
largest of its kind in the South and the Charlestonians are proud
of it. It shows what can be done by hard work, energy and
brains. Re-commencing in 1865, on a very small capital, theyi
are now doing far more trade than in the halcyon days of I
antebellum times. It is one of the most busy places in our city ;
the rush of customers, and the hum of the machinery, giving
life and activity, unequalled elsewhere. They keep an immense
stock, have the most improved machinery, the most skillful
workmen, and compete in quality and price with any of the,
Northern cities. Their prices are far below those of our sisten
Southern cities. We are told that the prices in Savannah for
printing are about 50 per cent, higher than in Charleston. Wei
need hardly say that in this establishment you can be supplied
with all classes of stationery . Their retail stock is complete and
well selected. Their wholesale stock is all that the merchant
can desire, and none know so well at what prices to meet
the country trade as our courteous friends at No. 3 Broad Street^
We say, do as we do, as well as what we say. The paper on
which this work is printed, and the type which is used, wc
bought of Messrs. Walker, Evans & Cogswell. You might asl
well be dead as out of fashion, so follow the popular tide to
this, the creme de la creme of establishments.

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CHARLESTON OUIDK. 93

'andia that way iho houses and fences wore much injured, and
the latter, in many instances, entirely destroyed.

TUB NBW CUSTOM HOUSE.

Oner of the most prominent landmarks that strike the eye of
the marine voyager, on entering our beautiful harbor, after
passing the famous ruin of Sumter, is the costly pile of marble
known as the New Custom House. A good deal of time and a
great amount of money has been wasted in this construction,
and yet little improvement was for the length of time percep-
tible. The rumors as to its probable completion are various,
and the time required to accomplish the object is placed at
periods ranging from five to fifty years. The site whereon the
Custom House is situated was formerly known as Fitxsimmons'
wharves, and in 1849 was purchased by the United States
government. In 1850, Col. E. B. White received the appoint-
ment as superintendent, and, under his supervision, work was
at once commenced, aud continued until the late war arrested
its progress. The foundation consists of seven thousand thirty
feet spiles, on which rests a heavy layer of grillage; then
follows a thickness of eighteen inchs of concrete, on which
rest a number of inverted arches, built of brick, and about tan
feet in height. In March, 1867, Congress appropriated
$30,000 for the preservation of the building, and to provide
temporary accommodation for government officials. These
accommodations were completed under the directions of the
late Collector, Dr. A. G. Mackey, and in February, 1868, the
building was occupied by custom house and internal revenue
officials, and the United States Treasurer. Matters then
remained in statu quo until May, 1870, when T, 11. Oakshott,
one of the most experienced superintendents in this country,
assumed the superintendcncy and resumed operations. The
resumption of work was no slight undertaking. Mr. Mullett,
the chief architect of the United States, thought it necessary

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GEO. A. BOWMAN, Agent,

AND

OIL CLOTE WARE ROOMS,

No. 237 KING STREET,
CHARLESTON, S, C.

300 EZIIVe^ STU-EET, <

OHABLESTON, S. 0. -^

Is the place where strangers and others visitiog the '

city find all that the " Inner Man '* requires.
His tables are supplied with all the luxuries of the ;«

season, and his liquors need no '* bush/'
With good edibles, good liquors and attentive waiters,

he believes ho c\n consist:;ntly ask a^hare of public

patronage.

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 95

to change the original design ; the north and south porticoes

u- have beon diacario-l and the wall3 of the four re-entering
angles will be brought out to one-half instead of thr^e-quar-
ter coIumnS) thereby bringing the sides out more prominetly
and reducing the heavy overhanging of the soffit cornice, on
the exterior. The pilasters on the north and south will bo
replaced by half columns, similar to the angles. These changes,
it is thought, will reduce the cost over $400,000, and at the

pamc time give the building an appearance more in accord
with thejnoro improved style of architecture. It is planned
after the Roman-Corinthian style, and when finished will

^surpass in beauty every public building in the South. The
yard will be handsomely graded and surrounded with an iron
railing and stone posts, and a splendidly modeled boat house
will be placed at the head of the Custom House wharf, with a

^stairs for a boat landing.

MAGNOLIA CBMBTEBT.

Magnolia Cemetery is one of tho features of Charleston
mih. which every stranger who visits the city should make
himself acquainted. It is situated beyond the limits of the
corporation, and is distant three miles from the centre Of
i>opulation, and for this reason its mossy oaks and marble
monuments are seldom seen by the people at large, save when
the sharp pain of present grief precludes all appreciation of
the beauty of the spot. The South Carolina and Northeastern
Hailroods both run within a few hundred yards of the cemetery,
but the trains do not stop there, except on special occasions,
%nd consequently visitors to Magnolia must have recourse to
ihc King street and Meeting street roads. The first is the
more frequented, has more houses along the route, presents for
morp appearance of life, and altogether, has more of the look
of a Suburban thoroughfare ; but the second is more picturesque
ftnd Affords an occasional giimpse of the waters and opposite

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UKIOH BAHK OF SO. CA.,

INCORPORATED IN I8I0.

:o:

W. n SMIXri, President. 11. D. ALEXA NDER. Oiifhier .

W« e. SMITH £ C0« i

AND

COMMISSION MERCHANTS, '
CHARLESTON, S. C.

W. B. Smith. A. H. Jones. L. M. Jones. W. B. Whalcy. J

Constgnments solicited, on which Liberal Advances will t>o made.

A. P. flLSMlMO,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Manufacturer of Steam-I^eflned and Kiln-
Dried Candy,

341 KING STREET. _

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CHARLESTON aUTDF. 97

banks of the meandering Cooper. In hot weather it is best to
ride, but on a cool, bright, bracing day, it is most delightful to
stroll leisurely up the Meeting street road, stopping occasion-
ally to get a view of the beautiful landscapes that would tempt
even the eye of a painter.

Bethany Cemetery, the burial ground of the German popu-
lation, is first entered. The solemn and touching words,
♦♦ Ilier ruhet in Ootty'* greet the eye at every step, impressing
lac imagination with religious awe and forming, as it were,
an ever-present consecration of the hallowed spot. This
cemetery is beautifully kept, and its white gravelled walks
kyhining amid the green shrubbery and the blooming flowers
finder the aged oaks, illustrate well how nature is im-
proved by art. Among the more conspicuous monuments, are
those of Captain Cord Otten, of the German Fusiliers, who
^lied in 1859; Diedriok Bredenburg, who died in 1849, and
Ludwig Eckel, a music teacher, who died at the early ago of
twenty-eight. Captain Ot ten's monument is ornamented with
a sword and shield and other military insignia. Lad wig
EckeFs was erected by his pupils and friends as a tribute to
his worth.

I Standing in the gate-way, and about a hundred yards
distant on your left, across the still waters of the Serpentine,
may be seen the small Gothic chapel of the cemetery where
the burial service is sometimes read. Passing in and keeping
to the right, attention is attracted by an array of a score or
morie of white wooden head-boards. These mark the resting
place of Federal soldiers who have died in Charleston. Near
hy i^ the Confederate bnrying ground, side by side, and rank
on ijank, as when they charged the breastworks of the enemy,
nowl lie these soldiers. Of that crowd of hillocks, there are
8om Q that have no mark to tell who. lies Jt>eneath. Their
occu pant« belong to the vas* throng of the unknown dead —

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HBIRY SIBGLIHC,

Sl'CCCSSOR TO

JOHN SIEGLING,

IMrORTER AND DEALER IN

Music and Musical Merchandize,

(ESTABLISHED IN 1819.)

Comsr (f Eing andBeaufain Streets,

CHARLESTON. S. C. ^

SmiDAY TIMES,

Job PriotiDg EstabMmeot, ^

Is prepared to furnish at short notice upon reasona-
able termp, fcvcry description of

•JOB PRINTING, ^

CARDS. BILL HEADS, POSTERS, .
HAND BILLS AND CIRCULARS. j "

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 99

unknown r yet unforgottcn, living ever in the hearts of the
people whom they died to defend. Passing from the Confed-
erate burying ground you enter the Catholic Cemetery. A
broad white street runs through the middle from east to west,
in the central and highest point of which is erected a large
black wooden cross. On each side the lots are laid out in
various forms — square, circular, semi-circular, oval, etc. Most
of the lots are nicely kept, and the wcU-trimmed cedars and
shrubbery, and the numerous roses and other flowers, make
them look like pet gardens, to the best of our recollection,
the sign of the cross consecrates every grave, wooden crosses
being erected where there was no other head-board, and
marble crosses carved on all the upright monuments, while a
representation of a cross is engraved on the horizontal slabs.
Climbing a low bluff, the visitor comes upon the burial grounds
of the Ravenels, Ilugers and ManigauUs, which are all enclosed
with iron railings and kept extremely neat. Just back of
these is a square enclosed with tall, thick, mock orange, and
back of that again is the burial plot of Qeorge W. Williams,
Esq. A little farther around, on the bank of the river, is the
well-known vault of the Vanderhorst family, with its glass
door, that permits to every visitor a peep into the house of the
dead. Through the door can be seen marble monuments set
in the opposite wall, inscribed in memory of different deceased
members of the family. Next to this is the burial place of the
Middletons, in which are a number of low stone crosses,
which are striking in the midst of a Protestant burying ground.
Next, there is a gloomy looking vault with the names of
Bennett and Gordon, and then another marked McDowall and
Wragg. Crossing the Serpentine here on a bridge or causeway,
and making a slight ascent, one comes into one of the prettiest
parts of the cemetery. This is an island made by the Serpen-
tine and marsh. It is covered with a grove of oaks, and one

173971 r I

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100

BOOK AND JOB PI^^INTING
OFFICE.

ALL WORK DONE WITH NEATNESS AND DISPATCH AND
AT PRICES THAT DEFY COMPETITION.

-:o:-

THE ONtY SUNDAY PAPKB POBMSOBD IN TUB 8TATB.

UEPLETE WITH ORTniNAI. STORIES, EDITORIALS,

I.OOAI. ITEMS AND NEWS.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE ONLY TWO
DOLLARS AND A HALF A YEAR.

J. W. BeLAFO,

PnMi^H^r and Proprietor.

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CHARLESTON OUIDB. 101

of the first objects that strikes the eye is a life-size statue of a
woman kneeling on a large monument, which, on nearer
examination, seems to be a v^ult, and has on it in large letters
*'T. A. Cofl&n." Just beyond is a lot enclosed by an iron
railing somewhat in the shape of a coffin, which has E. Ged-
dings marked on the gate. On the other side of this is a
mossy oak that hangs over the marsh and marks the north-
Ciistcrn extremity of Magnolia. From here is a good view of
the mouth of Wando River as it opens between Christ Church
and Daniel's Island, while in the foreground, just across the
creek, is an ancient mill and a fine market farm, having beau-
tiful live oaks all along the bank of the creek. After crossing
the bridge, just on the brow of the hill, is the handsome
monument of Hon. K. Boyce and his wife. It represents an
altar covered with cloth, and is in the midst of a circular area
raised above the level of the surrounding soil, enclosed in a
neat iron railing, and beautified by numerous flowers and a
thick green hedge.

The firemen's memento is a small but handsome monument
erected by the iEtna Fire Engine Company to the memory of
Abram Mead, a member of the company, who died of yellow
fever September 17, 1852, at the age of twenty-one. It is
made of white marble, and besides the inscription, has a fire
engine carved upon it, which gives it an unusual appearance
in a cemetery.

In the northwest corner jof the graveyard is the grave of
Robert Little Holmes, the first man killed in the war. It was
the night of January 7th, 1861. At daylight next morning,
the guns of the' Cadet battery on Morris' Island opened upon
the StAr of the West. At his fUneral on that day at the Circular
Church, <$onversation was divided between the first death and
the first guns, but the story is well told in the inscription :
"After the resumption of State sovereignty for South Carolina,

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102 CnART.RSTON GUIDE.

the Carolina Light Infantry, of which he was a member, was
detailed to act as a portion of the garrison of Castle Pinokney,
and in the performance of that duty he was the first sacrifice
of life in the service of the State. He met his death from the
accidental discharge of a rifle in the hands of a sentinel,
January 7, 1861." At the time of his death he was thirty
years of age, respected and beloyed. A younger brother of
the deceased, at that time a mere youth, afterwards accompa*
nied his comrades to Virginia, and was killed in the front of
battle.

Among the most beautiful monuments are those to the
memory of Hugh S. Legare, at one time Attorney-General and
Acting Secretary of State of the United States; the beautiful
monument of Elbert P. Jones; the tomb of John White, painter
of the well-known picture ''The British Officers Dining with
Marion on Potatoes;" the' Washington* Monument, and the
Washington Light Infantry Monument. The most unique is
the Wise Monument, a singularly fantastic structure.

After a stroll through this beautiful cemetery, the tourist will
yisit the Orphan Asylum on Calhoun street between King and St.
Philip streets, which is the finest and most commodious build-
ing of the kind in the South. In the yard of the Asylum may
be seen the statute of William Pitt already referred to. The
College of Charleston is situated on Green street between
College and St. Philip streets ; this Educational Institution has
a faculty complete as to numbers and of the highest order of
talent, and is destined to rank among the first institutions of
the land« Photographs of the foregoing places of interest can
be obtained at Souder's Photograph Oallery. See his card,
page 82.

THE BANKS OP THE CITY.

The Unioh Bank of South Carolina was founded in 1810,
with a capital of one million dollars. At the breaking out of

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CHARLESTON GUIDE. 103

the war the bank was in a flourisbing condition , but in
common with all the Southern institutions, it most disastrously
felt the effects of the four years of suspension of business and
difltress, and the deprecation of securities consequent on the
success of the Fetleral arms. After the war closed the bank
was reorganized under ,the old charter extendo I and revised,
with an authorized capital of one million. W. B. Smith, Esq.,
was elected president, and in common with the other gentle-
men connected with the enterprise he bent his energies to its
resuscitation. The large circulation of the bank was redeemed
at from eighty cents to par; this was consequent on the
reliance the general public placed on the powers of the officers
and the success of the bank. The record of the bank is a
noble one. H. D. Alexander is the cashier. Its correspond-
ents are the National Bank of the State, New York ; Bank of
Liverpool, Liverpool, England.

The Plamtbbs and Mechanics Bank was founded in
1811; capital one million dollars; Charles J. Stedman,
first president. Daniel Ravenel, Esq., was president at the
time of the breaking out of the war, when the bank
was in a most healthy condition. Like its contemporaries it
was almost obliterated by the war ; left with crippled resources
and a large circulation to redeem. It was reorganized under
an amended charter with Mr. A. B. Tafb as president and
with an authorized capital of five millions. Mr. W. E. Haskell
is cashier. Correspondents at New York, Chatham National
Bank. The Planters and Mechanics does a general banking
and discount business.

Citizens Savings Bank has its headquarter in Charleston,
S. C, with branches in various places. A. G. Brenizer, Esq.,
is cashier at Columbia, represented here by Mr. Daniel
Ravenel, Jr., The bank was chartered in 1869, under
presidency of General Wade Hampton, who has been succ

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104 CHARLESTON GUIDE.

by Mr. Wm. Martin, of Ck>1umbia. It-s oapital is five millions.
With its regular banking and discount line it is a popular
savings bank and its deposits are increasing rapidly. Corres-
■pondents at New York, American Exchange National Bank.

Bank of Charleston. This well known institution was
founded in 1884, Mr. James Hamilton, president. It was
begun to meet a crying want of a rapidly increasing commerce
for banking facilities, and on an authorized capital of four
millions, had over three millions one hundred thousand paid
in. In 18(>0 it was one of the widest known banks of the
United States, its notes b^ng at par in every part of the
country. Its circulation was immense at the breaking out of
the war, and it has required ■ the best energies of the officers
to place it again on a firmer foundation. For the past two and
a half years it has redeemed its notes at par. The present
president is A. S. Johnson, Esq.; cashier, Mr. W. B. Burden.
It is now (June 1st, 1872) about being converted into a national
bank. Correspondents at New York, National Bank of the
State of New York.

Pboplbs' Bank OF So.Da., was chartered in 1854; Edwin
P. Starr, first president. Its capital was one million, paid in,
on which it transacted a general banking business and had in
circulation a large amount of notes, which, after the war, it
was obliged to redeem. Its charter was extended, and with an
authorized capital of one million it has successfully resumed
business. Mr. John Hanckel is president, and Mr. James B.
Betts cashier. Correspondents at New York, Importers' and
Traders' National Bank; at Philadelphia, Western National
Bank.

Tub Peoples National Bank was founded in 1868. D. L.
McKay first president. Its capital then was only two hundred
thousand dollars but has now increased to one million all paid
in. C. 0. Witte is the present president ; Mr. H. G. Loper,

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CIIAULESTON GUIDE l05

cashier. Correspondents; National Bank of N. Y., New York ;
Bjink of Liverpool, Liverpool ; Bank of Liverpool, London,
England.

So. Ca. Loan and Trust Co. Though recent in its estab-
lishment has grown in the favor of the business men. It was
chartered in 1869 with a paid up capital of three hundred thous-
and on an authorized capit-al of Ave millions. The first presi-
dent was Mr. George A. Cameron. Besides its general bank-
ing, discount and exchange business the bank has a very large
savings deposit. Cashier, F. A. Mitchell. Correspondents ;
at New York, American Exchange National Bank ; at I'hila-
delphia, Union Banking Co ; at Baltimore, Merchants National
Bank ; at Liverpool, England, Bank of Liverpool ; at London
Baring Brothers & Co.

Tub National Febkdman's Savings and Trust Co. of which
Mr. Nathan Ritter is the representative and cashier here, is one
of the thirty-three branches of the bank, the only one charter-
ed by the United States government. It is a carefully man-
aged and largely successful bank.

Peoples Savings Institution. This bank, purely a savings
Institution was incorporated March 1872 ; Mr. Henry S.
Griggs, Secretary and Treasurer. The method adopted for
the transaction of business presages its future prosperity.

Private Bankers. In connection with strict brokerage bus-
iness the follow firms do a banking business ; Wm. S. Hastio
& Son. page 80 ; Holmes & Macbeth, page GO ; E. M. More-
land, page 42 ; A. C. Kaufman, page 30 ; Louis D. DeSaus-
sure, page 6.

Merchant Bankers. Geo. W. William j &Co., page 41;
Geo. A. Trenholm & Son, page 68.

steamboat lines.

We advise tourists, traveling for health, or pleasure to
travel to and from Charleston by steamer. Business men

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lOG

between New York and Cliarleston will find the North Bastern
llailroad speedy and accommodating. The New York lines are
the Clyde Steamers, see rear cover; and the New York and
Charleston line, James Adgcr & Co., agents, see page 26. For
Philadelphia the Clyde line, and for Baltimore the splendid
steamers of which Mr. l*aul C. Trcnholm is agent. See page 74.

For the South, (Savannah and Florida) see page 76. Wo
can recommend this line as preferable to any other method of
going to and from Charleston Southward, as it saves many
hours of tedious, tiresome railroading add avoids the insects,
dust and damps of the swamps on shore.

Ravenel, Holmes & Co, page 72, are agents for a line of
steamers to Savannah, (to which the above remarks apply,)
Beaufort, Georgetown, and the Pee Doe aud San tee rivers.

HOTELS.

Pavilion Hotel, G. T. Alford & Co.
Charleston Hotel, H. J. Jackson.
Mills House.

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ciii;
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FEB 2 1 1930

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